Burton upon Trent

Coordinates: 52°48′07″N 01°38′12″W / 52.80194°N 1.63667°W / 52.80194; -1.63667
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Burton upon Trent
  • Burton-on-Trent
Town
Shire county
Region
CountryEngland
Sovereign stateUnited Kingdom
Areas of the town
(2011 census BUASD)
List
Post townBURTON-ON-TRENT
Postcode districtDE13-DE15
Dialling code01283
PoliceStaffordshire
FireStaffordshire
AmbulanceWest Midlands
UK Parliament
List of places
UK
England
Staffordshire
52°48′07″N 01°38′12″W / 52.80194°N 1.63667°W / 52.80194; -1.63667

Burton upon Trent, also known as Burton-on-Trent or simply Burton, is a market town in the borough of

Peak District National Park
.

Burton is

Earl of Lancaster and in 1643 when royalists captured the town during the First English Civil War. William Lord Paget and his descendants were responsible for extending the manor house within the abbey grounds and facilitating the extension of the River Trent Navigation to Burton. Burton grew into a busy market town
by the early modern period.

The town is served by

South Staffordshire Line which linked it to Lichfield, Walsall, Dudley and Stourbridge
.

Toponymy

The name Burton upon Trent derives from the meaning "a settlement at a fortified place" along the River Trent and dates from the 8th century.[2]

According to the town's charter the official name of the town is Burton upon Trent.[3] However, the form 'Burton-on-Trent' is used for the post town by Royal Mail and for the town's railway station.

History

Derventio (Little Chester) near Derby.[4]

Between 666 and 669

Wulfric Spott, a thegn. He is known to have been buried in the abbey cloister
in 1010, alongside his wife.

Edward I. In the 12th and 13th centuries, streets were laid out off the west side of High Street, the earliest being New Street, which stretched from the abbey gates towards the line of Ryknild Street. Horninglow Street at the north end of High Street was part of a major east–west route using the bridge over the river.[6]

A royal charter was granted on 12 April 1200 by

Candlemas Day, 5 April, Holy Thursday
, and 29 October (the feast of St Modwen) although as in other British towns this practice has died out.

medieval
Burton bridge. The bridge was an important crossing point and was the site of battles in 1322 and 1643. It was demolished and replaced in 1863.

While Burton's great bridge over the Trent was in poor repair by the early 16th century, it served as "a comen passage to and fro many countries to the grett releff and comfort of travellyng people", according to the

Earl of Lancaster and also in 1643 when the Royalists captured the town during the First English Civil War
.

Sir William Paget was granted the lands at Burton Abbey in 1546 by Henry VIII and expanded the Manor House using materials from the abbey. The family's ownership was later confiscated after being implicated in a Catholic plot against Elizabeth I, but was restored to his descendant William 6th Lord Paget.

Under

prebendaries. It was again dissolved in 1545 and granted to Sir William Paget
. Paget began planning to expand the Manor House within the abbey precincts, known to have existed since at least 1514, into a grand mansion. To provide the materials for this project, the old abbey buildings were to be cannibalised. There were major alterations to the house over the next three centuries. Sir William died in 1563.

In 1585 it was suggested that

Manor House and the former Infirmary
. The Infirmary became known as The Abbey and is now an inn.

Canals and breweries

The Paget family's lands and title were restored to them by

India). New rail links to Liverpool enabled brewers to export their beer throughout the British Empire
.

Burton came to dominate the brewing trade, and at its height one quarter of all beer sold in Britain was produced here. In the second half of the 19th century there was a growth in native breweries, supplemented by outside brewing companies moving into the town, so that over 30 breweries were recorded in 1880.

Marston's
.

Burton was home to the Peel family, who played a significant role in the

Queen Elizabeth II visited the town on 3 July 2002 during her Golden Jubilee
celebrations.

Governance

There are three tiers of local government covering Burton, at

East Staffordshire Borough Council
, and a number of parish councils covering different parts of the urban area. There is a parish called Burton which just covers the central part of the town.

Burton is the administrative centre for the borough of

Kate Griffiths, who has represented the Burton constituency since December 2019. The Conservatives took the seat from Labour in the 2010 general election with an 8.7% swing.[15]

Administrative history

Burton upon Trent was an

ancient parish, which historically straddled the boundary between Staffordshire and Derbyshire. The parish was divided into five townships, being Winshill in Derbyshire, and Branston, Horninglow, Stretton and a Burton upon Trent township (covering the central part of the parish) in Staffordshire. The rural parts of the Burton township became a separate township called Burton Extra in the sixteenth century. Such townships were all reclassified as civil parishes in 1866.[16][17]

Burton had been an ancient borough from the twelfth century, giving some degree of self-government for the town, but by the seventeenth century its borough corporation had ceased to operate and its borough status lapsed, with the town being administered by the parish vestry and manorial courts instead. More urban forms of local government returned to the town in 1779 when a body of improvement commissioners was established, initially just covering the Burton township. Their district was extended in 1853 to take in parts of the townships of Burton Extra and Horninglow, and again in 1878 to take in the rest of Burton Extra, more of Horninglow (including the village), parts of Branston and Winshill, and part of the neighbouring Derbyshire parish of Stapenhill.[18]

Later in 1878 the improvement commissioners' district was incorporated as a

urban parishes inside the borough were then Burton upon Trent, Burton Extra, Horninglow, Stapenhill and Winshill, which were amalgamated into a single Burton upon Trent parish in 1904.[18]

Burton upon Trent Town Hall

In 1891 the council was given the former St Paul's Institute and Liberal Club on King Edward Place, which had been built in 1878. They substantially extended the building to serve as their headquarters, renaming it Town Hall.[21]

Burton was elevated to become a

Local Government Commission for England recommended in the 1960s that it be demoted to a non-county borough within Staffordshire, but this was not implemented. Under the Local Government Act 1972, the town became on 1 April 1974, an unparished area in the new district of East Staffordshire
.

The town became entirely parished on 1 April 2003, when the parishes of Anglesey, Brizlincote, Burton, Horninglow and Eton, Shobnall, Stapenhill, and Winshill were created. Burton parish itself only covers the town centre, with the other parishes covering various suburbs.[22][23] The urban area now also extends into the adjoining parishes of Branston, Outwoods and Stretton, which had all been outside the pre-1974 county borough.[24]

Geography

Burton is about 109 miles (175 km) north west of London,[25] about 30 miles north east of Birmingham, the UK's second largest city[26] and about 23 miles east of the county town Stafford.[27] It is at the easternmost border of the county of Staffordshire with Derbyshire, its suburbs and the course of the River Trent forming part of the county boundary. It is also near the south-eastern terminus of the Trent and Mersey Canal. Burton lies within the northern boundary of the

National Forest.[28]
The town centre is on the western bank of the River Trent in a valley bottom; its average elevation is about 50 metres above sea level; the village of Winshill and the suburb of Stapenhill rise to 130 m and 100 m respectively.[29]

Burton became a centre for the brewing industry due in part to the quality of the local water, which contains a high proportion of dissolved salts, predominantly caused by the gypsum in the surrounding hills. This allowed a greater proportion of hops, a natural preservative, to be included in the beer, thereby allowing the beer to be shipped further afield. Much of the open land within and around the town is protected from chemical treatment[citation needed] to help preserve this water quality.

Region

There is some confusion as to whether Burton is in the

River Dove, which forms the Derbyshire/Staffordshire boundary. Being in Staffordshire, the town officially lies within the West Midlands region. Several factors contribute to the ambiguity of the town's status. The local vernacular shares more similarities with East Midlands English than West Midlands English; the town was formerly within the East Midlands Utility (electricity/gas) areas and has Derby postcodes (DE13-DE15). However, it is served by the BBC Midlands (West Midlands) region based in Birmingham and before consolidation exercises formed part of the ITV Central
(West) region, again based in Birmingham.

Green belt

Main article: Burton upon Trent and Swadlincote Green Belt

The suburbs of Winshill, Brizlincote and Stapenhill to the southeast of the town lie along a green-belt area, in place to stop uncontrolled development which could cause Burton to, in time, merge with neighbouring Swadlincote. The majority of this green belt lies in Derbyshire, with small tracts within Staffordshire.[30]

Demography

The town had an estimated population of 43,784 in the

2001 Census. Stapenhill and Winshill were treated separately and together had a further population of 21,985 according to this source.[31] According to the 2001 census,[32]

In the 2021 Census, the population of Burton was recorded at 76,270.[33]

The town's ethnicity composition was recorded at:

  • White - 60,895 (79.9%)
  • Asian
    - 10,883 (14.3%)
  • Mixed Race
    - 2,169 (2.8%)
  • Black
    - 1,169 (1.5%)
  • Other - 1,164 (1.3%)

The town's religious composition was recorded at:

  • Christians
    - 34,140 (47.5%)
  • Irreligious
    - 26,275 (36.5%)
  • Muslims - 10,363 (14.4%)
  • Other - 347 (0.5%)
  • Hindus - 293 (0.4%)
  • Sikhs - 268 (0.4%)
  • Buddhists - 195 (0.3%)
  • Jews
    - 13 (0.1%)

Economy

Brewing

Coors Brewers Maltings Division Shobnall Site, is located on Wellington Road. The maltings were built by the Bass Brewery, which was taken over by the American brewery Coors, around the late 1990s.
Main article: Brewers of Burton
See also:
Burtonisation

For centuries brewing was Burton's major trade, and it is still an important part of its economy.

The town is currently home to eight breweries;

Bass under licence from InBev
.

microbrewery
based in the old Salts Water Tower of Walsitch Maltings, which were formerly used by the second biggest brewer in Burton

microbrewery
off Wharf Road. Old Cottage Brewery is based in Hawkins Lane. Its beers include Oak Ale and Halcyon Daze. Black Hole Brewery is based at the Imex Centre. Gates Brewery microbrewery is in Reservoir Road.

Burton is also the corporate headquarters of the pub operators

Punch Taverns plc and Spirit Pub Company which was brought by Greene King so doesn't have a headquarters there anymore, which were spun out of Bass in 1997. In addition, the White Shield microbrewery remains open alongside the National Brewery Centre (formerly the Bass Museum of Brewing).[34]

A by-product of the brewing industry is the Marmite factory in the town. The original Marmite factory (now demolished) was at the corner of Cross Street and Duke Street before they moved to the current factory on Wellington Road in the 1960s. The production of Marmite has in turn generated the production of Bovril. Both are owned by multinational company Unilever.[35][36]

Burton is also home to

CAMRA
's National Breweriana Auction that takes place each October in the Town Hall.

Manufacturing

Eatough's (sometimes Etough's) was a shoemaking firm from Leicestershire that opened a factory in Burton Road, Branston in 1920. It was the first British shoe factory to introduce music in the workplace (1936), and washable children's sandals ('Plastisha' 1957), but it closed in 1989 as a result of competition from cheap imports.

Briggs of Burton (formerly S. Briggs & Co.) is a Burton-based brewery and process engineering company established in 1732 by Samuel Briggs. Famous for its manufacturing innovation and craftsmanship across the world, Briggs moved from its works in New Street to Derby Street having taken over its rival Robert Morton DG in 1988.[37] The former site is now occupied by the Octagon Shopping Centre.

Established in 1740, Thornewill and Warham was a metal hardware and industrial metalwork manufacturer, later an engineering company that became a notable producer of steam engines and railway locomotives. It also constructed two footbridges across the River Trent in Burton. It too was acquired by S. Briggs & Co, in 1929.

Retail

Entrance to Coopers Square shopping centre
Burton Market Hall on market day. Built in 1883 to replace an older structure, the footprint of which is marked by four L-shaped metal pieces set into the ground roughly halfway between the church and the high street. The hall has a trussed roof with cast iron support pillars. Architects: Dixon & Moxon of Barnsley
The market square

A market has been held on Thursdays in Burton since a charter was granted to the abbot by King John[7] on 12 April 1200. Burton today has an indoor and an outdoor market, which are owned by East Staffordshire Borough Council.[38] In 2011 the council contracted out responsibility for market stall rentals to private letting agency Quarterbridge.[39][40] The Market Hall was built in 1883 from designs by Dixon & Moxon of Barnsley and opens from Tuesday to Saturday.[41] A fish market was added to the hall in 1925.[42] The outdoor market is held every Thursday, Friday and Saturday from 8.30am until 4pm.[41]

The Coopers Square shopping centre is the principal shopping area, opened in 1970 by the Princess Alexandra but since considerably upgraded with a roof being added in the mid-1990s. The older Riverside Shopping Centre (known as Bargates) is now demolished.

An additional shopping centre is The Octagon Shopping Centre on New Street, constructed in the mid-1980s. There is another, much smaller shopping centre, Burton Place Shopping Centre, which was built in 1986 and originally known as Worthington Walk. Also located in the town centre is Middleway Retail Park, which includes a Cineworld multiplex cinema, Mecca Bingo, Matalan and restaurants, including Bella Italia and Nando's.[43]

In 2005 a report by the New Economics Foundation rated Burton at 13.3 out of 60 for "individuality", putting it in the top ten clone towns in England, because of the large number of chain stores in the town centre.[44] Since then events such as a French market have been organised to bring more footfall into the town centre.

Services

Media services include Burton Mail, BBC Radio Derby on 104.5 FM and Capital Mid-Counties broadcasting on 102.4 FM from Winshill Water Tower.

Distribution and warehousing

Due to Burton's relative location in the centre of England and its transport links which allow easy access to Birmingham (the second largest UK city), Derby, Nottingham, Leicester and other locations, there are a significant number of warehouses based in Burton (and nearby Fradley Park).

Notable businesses with distribution centres and warehouses include B&Q, Boots, Hobbycraft, Holland & Barrett, DHL, Waterstones, Clipper and Amazon.

Culture and community

Culture

The main venue for live theatre and other performing and visual arts is The Brewhouse,

the Sex Pistols
. Bloodstock Open Air is an annual festival of heavy metal music, which takes place in August and has been held at Catton Hall in Walton-on-Trent, 8 miles south-west of Burton since 2005.[47]

Burton Operatic Society is a musical theatre company based in Burton and produces two productions each year. The town was also home to the Burton School of Speech and Drama on Guild Street where many professional and amateur actors and actresses learned their craft. Following the closure of the school in July 1984, its in-house amateur company, the Little Theatre Players, continued life as an independent amateur drama company called The Little Theatre Company. LTC currently stages at least four productions a year in the town: two plays, a musical and a youth production.

Burton has one of the oldest

spark transmitter at Poldhu
in Cornwall, being sent to London, on the eve of the outbreak of war. The message, which has survived and is in the present club archives, was announcing the mobilisation of Russian, French and Belgian troops.

The

Statutes Fair
takes place in the town every year on the first Monday and Tuesday after Michaelmas (29 September). This is usually on the first Monday/Tuesday in October but can occasionally fall on 30 September/1 October as in 2002. The fair occupies the Market Place and parts of High Street, New Street and Lichfield Street for two days.

Community facilities

The local

Sea Cadet unit is TS (Training Ship) Modwena alongside the River Trent and road bridge. The town's Air Training Corps unit is No 351 (Burton-upon-Trent) Squadron.[48] The local Army Reserve unit is F (Fire Support) Company, 4 Mercian Regiment, an infantry unit at Coltman House Army Reserve Centre, Hawkins Lane; the unit was formerly a volunteer brigade of the North Staffordshire Regiment
.

Landmarks

The Burton Cooper in Coopers Square Shopping Centre.

The town's connection with the brewing industry is celebrated in The Burton Cooper, a bronze sculpture by James Walter Butler. It was commissioned in 1977 and depicts a local craftsman making a barrel. It originally stood opposite the market and – despite opposition from many townspeople – was moved to its present location inside the Coopers Square Shopping Centre in 1994.

The National Brewery Centre (previously Coors Visitor Centre & the Museum of Brewing, before that it was the Bass Museum of Brewing), which celebrated the town's brewing heritage was its biggest tourist attraction; the Centre closed in 2022 after Coors decided to move its UK headquarters to the site. Claymills Pumping Station on the north side of Burton is a restored Victorian sewage pumping station, adjacent to the modern sewage works. Until 2005/2006 one of Burton's most distinguishable landmarks was Drakelow Power Station just south of Burton on the opposite side of the River Trent. The chimneys, boiler-house building and cooling towers have since been demolished.

The former

Magistrates' Court is a distinctive neo-classical domed building in a commanding position facing Guild Street. It was built by Richard Kershaw to designs by Henry Beck and opened in 1909.[49]

Finney's post, part of an ornate mediaeval oak post which once stood at the corner of the Market Place and High Street, is now in the Victoria and Albert Museum in London.

The Horninglow Street drill hall dates back to the early 19th century.[50]

Transport

River

Burton now lies on both sides of the

A5189) was opened in 1985.[51]

Road

The

A5189 runs (West-East) across Burton and connects the A444 through Burton and across the River Trent
.

Rail

The town is served by Burton-on-Trent railway station, which is accessed from the bridge on Borough Road. The station has two platforms: platform one for Derby, Nottingham and the North; platform two for Tamworth, Birmingham and the South. The station is situated on the Cross Country Route between the principal cities of Derby and Birmingham.

The station's operator is

Nottingham, as well as longer-distance services to destinations such as Bristol Temple Meads, Leeds and Newcastle. Burton is positioned at the western terminus of the aborted Ivanhoe line
.

The station utilises the

PlusBus
scheme where train and bus tickets can be bought together at a saving.

Bus

The town had its own municipal buses operated by Burton Corporation Transport and later East Staffordshire District Council after 1974. This was taken over by Stevensons of Uttoxeter in the mid-1980s and, in turn, was absorbed by Arriva Midlands in the late 1990s.

In July 2005, Midland Classic then operated the majority of buses in the town to outlying areas such as Uttoxeter, Horninglow, Edge Hill, Stapenhill, Queen's Hospital Burton, Winshill, Stretton, Abbots Bromley, Tatenhill, Wetmore, Branston, Lichfield, Ashby-de-la-Zouch and East Midlands Airport having taken over the local depot of Arriva Midlands at Wetmore Road in August 2016.[52][53]

In August 2022, Midland Classic were acquired by Rotala. The vehicles were rebranded into Diamond livery with the operations to be known as Diamond East Midlands and administered from the Tividale headquarters of Rotala.

Arriva Midlands continues to operate service X38 to

Trentbarton
who also run the villager V1 and V3 services to Derby.

Religious sites

The mother

St Chad's, All Saints and St Mary's, Stretton
.

The Roman Catholic church in the town is St Mary and St Modwen's Catholic Church.

There are five

Salafi.[54]
There is a
Sikh Gurdwara established in St Chad's Community Centre.[55]
Although there was a small Jewish community in Burton in the early half of the 20th century, there is no record of a synagogue being established. There was however a close relationship with the community in Derby, whose minister acted as visiting teacher and shochet.[56]

Education

Burton & South Derbyshire College (BSDC) is a general further education college and is situated in the town centre. It attracts approximately 13,000 students from Burton and the surrounding towns and villages. It delivers a wide range of courses for all ages including 14- to 19-year-olds, adults into part-time study, employer training and higher education. Recently a 'university centre' has been developed within the college to enable students to study on franchised higher education courses, but is not in itself a university.

The University of Wolverhampton's School of Health and Wellbeing has a presence at Burton Health Education Centre located at the Queen's Hospital, which specialises in nursing.[57]

Sport

Burton Albion FC

Since the establishment of

Football Conference. The team now play in League 1, the third tier of the English football league system, following relegation in 2017–18, after two years in The Championship. Burton is also the location of the St George's Park National Football Centre, which opened in 2012.[61]

The Burton & District Cricket League

Dunstall Cricket Club, Abbott's Bromley, Yoxall and Lichfield Cricket Club
.

Burton Rugby Football Club, one of the oldest rugby union clubs in the country, was established in 1870, when it played both association and rugby football rules. It did not adopt rugby union only rules until 1876.[63]

The town is also home to the Burton Canoe Club on the banks of the River Trent. It has recently expanded and built its own clubhouse. Also along the River Trent in Burton are Burton Leander Rowing Club, which was founded in 1847 (and is one of the oldest rowing clubs in the country), and Trent Rowing Club, founded in 1863.

Burton Hockey Club[64] was established in 1899. The club promotes and supports seven men's teams, four ladies' teams, and a popular and successful youth academy. Home matches are played at Shobnall Leisure Complex in the shadows of Marstons Brewery, Shobnall Road. The club has also been recognised as working towards providing a Safe, Effective and Child Friendly club environment, and as such has been awarded the England Hockey Club's First Accreditation, (EH id: 1180).

Burton is home to the Powerhouse Gym International All-Round Weightlifting team, which was set up in 1985 by Steve Gardner (former World All-Round Weightlifting Champion – inducted into the IAWA (UK) Hall of Fame in 2000). The club trains All-Round Weightlifters, including powerlifting and Olympic weightlifting and is affiliated to the International All-Round Weightlifting Association.[65] The Burton club hosted the 2008 IAWA World Championships.[66]

Notable people

Statue of Blessed Robert Sutton
Sir Jeffry Wyatville, 1828
Paddy Considine, 2011

Early times

  • Robert Sutton (1544–1587 in Stafford) a Roman Catholic priest and martyr, beatified in 1987.
  • burnt at the stake for 'heresy
    ' in England.
  • Daniel Watson (c.1617–1683) an English lawyer and politician, a captain of dragoons in the Derbyshire cavalry, a J.P. and he acquired and lived in Nether Hall[67]

18th C.

19th C.

20th C.

Sport

Peter Hickman, 2015
Lewin Nyatanga, 2006

Twin towns - sister cities

References

Notes

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Bibliography

Further reading

  • Burton-on-Trent, Its History, Its Waters and Its Breweries by W Molyneux. Published by Trubner, 1869.
  • History of Burton upon Trent by CH Underhill. Published by Tresises, Burton, 1941.
  • County Borough, the History of Burton upon Trent 1901–1974. Part 1, Edwardian Burton by Denis Stuart. Published by The Charter Trustees of Burton upon Trent, 1975.
  • County Borough, the History of Burton upon Trent 1901–1974. Part 2, 1914–1974 by Denis Stuart. Published by The Charter Trustees of Burton upon Trent, 1977.
  • Deus Nobiscum, A History of Burton Grammar School by GE Radford. Published by GE Radford, 1973.
  • A Brief History of St Modwen's, the Parish Church of Burton-upon-Trent by Ernest Aldington Hunt. Published by British Publishing Co, Gloucester, 1973.
  • The Development of Industry in Burton-upon-Trent by CC Owen. Published by Phillimore, Chichester, 1978.
  • Charters of Burton Abbey by PH Sawyer. Published by Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1979.

External links

Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Burton-upon-Trent".
Wikisource has the text of the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica article "Bass (brewers)".
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