Street performance
Street performance or busking is the act of performing in public places for gratuities. In many countries, the rewards are generally in the form of money but other gratuities such as food, drink or gifts may be given. Street performance is practiced all over the world and dates back to antiquity. People engaging in this practice are called street performers or buskers. Outside of New York, buskers is not a term generally used in American English.[1][2]
Performances are anything that people find
Etymology
The term busking was first noted in the English language around the middle 1860s in Great Britain. The verb to busk, from the word busker, comes from the Spanish root word buscar, with the meaning "to seek".[3] The Spanish word buscar in turn evolved from the Indo-European word *bhudh-skō ("to win, conquer").[4] It was used for many street acts, and was the title of a famous Spanish book about one of them, El Buscón. Today, the word is still used in Spanish but mostly reserved for female street sex workers, or mistresses of married men.[citation needed]
History
There have been performances in public places for
Busking is common among some
In medieval France, buskers were known by the terms
Mariachis, Mexican bands that play a style of music by the same name, frequently busk when they perform while traveling through streets and plazas, as well as in restaurants and bars.[6]
We like playing for big crowds, and the goal all along has been for people to pay a little to come and see us. But it all started on street corners, and that is still very connected to what we do. It's such a validating musical experience. Busking is a very humble and brave act that takes courage to do well. It's also about the energy of music being alive outside in a city ... You can walk right by it right in front of you. Sure, to some people you're just another guy with his hand out, so sometimes busking can be great social barometer. You're able to gauge who you live with on earth.[7]
Ketch Secor, Old Crow Medicine Show
Around the mid-19th century Japanese
In the 19th century, Italian street musicians (mainly from
In the United States, medicine shows proliferated in the 19th century. They were traveling vendors selling elixirs and potions which purportedly improved people's health. They would often employ entertainment acts as a way of drawing in potential clients and relaxing them. The people would often associate this feeling of well-being with the products sold. After these performances, they would "pass the hat".[citation needed]
One-man bands have historically performed as buskers playing a variety of instruments simultaneously. One-man bands proliferated in urban areas in the 19th and early 20th centuries and still perform to this day. A current one-man band plays all their instruments acoustically usually combining a guitar, a harmonica, a drum and a tambourine. They may also include singing. Many still busk but some are booked to play at festivals and other events.[citation needed]
The counterculture of the hippies of the 1960s occasionally staged "be-ins", which resembled some present-day buskers festivals. Bands and performers would gather at public places and perform for free, passing the hat to make money. The San Francisco Bay Area was at the epicenter of this movement – be-ins were staged at Golden Gate Park and San Jose's Bee Stadium and other venues. Some of the bands that performed in this manner were Janis Joplin with Big Brother and the Holding Company, the Grateful Dead, Jefferson Airplane, Quicksilver Messenger Service, Country Joe and the Fish, Moby Grape and Jimi Hendrix.[citation needed]
In India and Pakistan's Gujarati region, Bhavai is a form of street art where there are plays enacted in the village, the barot or the village singer also is part of the local entertainment scene.[citation needed]
In the 2000s, some performers have begun "Cyber Busking". Artists post work or performances on the Internet for people to download or "stream" and if people like it they make a donation using PayPal.[citation needed]
Forms
There are three basic forms of street performance: circle shows, walk-by acts, and stoplight performances.
"Circle shows" are shows that tend to gather a crowd around them. They usually have a distinct beginning and end. Usually these are done in conjunction with
"Walk-by acts" are acts where the busker performs a musical, living statue or other act that does not have a distinct beginning or end, and the public usually watches for a brief time. A walk-by act may turn into a circle show if the act is unusual or very popular.
"Stoplight performances" are performances in which performers present their act and get contributions from vehicle occupants on a crosswalk while the traffic lights are red. A variety of disciplines can be used in such a format (juggling, break dancing, even magic tricks). Because of the short period of time available to them, stoplight performers must have a very brief, condensed routine. This form is seen more commonly in Latin America than elsewhere.
Collecting money
Buskers collect donations and tips from the public in a variety of containers and by different methods depending on the type of busking they are performing. For walk-by acts, their open, empty instrument case or a special can, box, or hat is often used. For circle shows the performer will typically collect money at the end of the show, although some performers will also collect during the show, as some audience members do not stay for the entire performance.
Sometimes a performer will employ a bottler, hat man, or pitch man to collect money from the audience and encourage them to contribute, sometimes by cajoling them in a humorous fashion. The term bottler is a British term that originated from the use of the top half of a bottle to collect money. The bottle had a leather flap inserted in the bottleneck and a leather pouch attached. This design allowed coins to be put in the bottle but did not allow them to be removed easily without the coins jingling against the glass. The first use of such contrivances was recorded by the famous Punch and Judy troupe of puppeteers in early Victorian times.[10]
Pitches
The place where a performance occurs is called a "pitch". A good pitch can be the key to success as a busker. An act that might make money at one place and time may not work at all in another setting. Popular pitches tend to be public places with large volumes of pedestrian traffic, high visibility, low background noise and as few elements of interference as possible. Good locations may include tourist spots, popular parks, entertainment districts including many restaurants, cafés, bars and pubs and theaters,
In her book, Underground Harmonies: Music and Politics in the Subways of New York, Susie J. Tanenbaum examined how the adage "Music hath charms to soothe the savage beast" plays out in regards to busking. Her sociological studies showed that in areas where buskers regularly perform, crime rates tended to go down, and that those with higher education attainment tended to have a more positive view of buskers than did those of lesser educational attainment.[11] Some cities encourage busking in particular areas,[12] giving preference to city government-approved buskers and even publishing schedules of performances.[13]
Many cities in the United States have particular areas known to be popular spots for buskers. Performers are found at many locations like Mallory Square in
Legislation
The first recorded instances of laws affecting buskers were in
In the United States under
While there is no universal
In London, busking is prohibited in the entire area of the City of London. The London Underground provides busking permits for up to 39 pitches across 25 central London stations.[21] Most London boroughs do not license busking, but they have optional powers, under the London Local Authorities Act 2000, if there is sufficient reason to do so. Where these powers have not been adopted, councils can rely on other legislation including the Environmental Protection Act 1990 to deal with noise nuisance from buskers and the Highways Act 1980 to deal with obstructions. Camden Council is currently looking into further options to control the problem of nuisance buskers and the playing of amplified music to the detriment of local residents and businesses.[22]
Buskers may find themselves targeted by thieves due to the very open and public nature of their craft. Buskers may have their earnings, instruments or props stolen. One particular technique that thieves use against buskers is to pretend to make a donation while actually taking money out instead, a practice known as "dipping" or "skimming". George Burns described his days as a youthful busker this way:[23]
Sometimes the customers threw something in the hats. Sometimes they took something out of the hats. Sometimes they took the hats.
Notable performers
- 5 Seconds of Summer, Australian pop rock band. Prior to achieving international fame, the band busked in Rouse Hill and other parts of Sydney.[24]
- Abby the Spoon Lady is a professional spoon player, street performer, and busking advocate who lives in Asheville, North Carolina.[25]
- Josephine Baker started street dancing to make money and was recruited for the St. Louis Chorus vaudeville show at the age of 15, which started her dancing career.
- Joshua Bell, a noted classical violinist, posed as a busker in the L'Enfant Plaza Metro station in Washington, D.C. at rush hour in 2007, as part of a feature in The Washington Post. In the 45 minutes that Bell played, only seven people out of over a thousand who passed by stopped to watch, and he took in just over $32. Gene Weingarten later won a Pulitzer Prize for the story.[26]
- Catfish the Bottleman a well-known busker from Sydney, Australia, so inspired Van McCann of Catfish and the Bottlemen that he named his band after him. He watched him perform as a child and said that it was his first memory of music.[27]
- Tracy Chapman began her career busking in Harvard Square in Cambridge, Massachusetts.
- 14th Street subway station in New York City.[28]
- Newton Faulkner has been known to busk and video footage of him busking has been made available on YouTube, including a full acoustic cover of Queen's "Bohemian Rhapsody".
- Benjamin Franklin, the American inventor and statesman, was a street performer. He composed songs, poetry and prose about current events and went out in public and performed them. He would then sell printed copies of them to the public. He was dissuaded from busking by his father who convinced him it was not worth the stigmas that some people attach to it. It was this experience that helped form his beliefs in free speech, which he wrote about in his journals.[5]
- Mark Goffeney, aka 'Big Toe', known for playing guitar despite being born without arms.[31]
- Shannon Hoon, former singer for Blind Melon, was known to busk all over the U.S.[citation needed]
- tightrope-walkingetc.
- Keytar Bear, a busker in Boston, Massachusetts, who wears a bear suit and plays a keytar.
- 'Guy Laliberté was a street performer when he founded the Cirque du Soleil theatrical company in 1984.[33]
- Loreena McKennitt, developing a passion for Celtic music, learned to play the Celtic harp and began busking at various places, including St. Lawrence Market in Toronto in order to earn money to record her first album.
- Edward McMichael was a celebrated street musician known as Seattle's "Tuba Man", who busked outside the city's various sports and performing arts venues. In 2008, he was killed by attackers who were attempting to rob him.
- Sterling Magee and Adam Gussow, AKA Satan and Adam, were busking on 125th Street in Harlem, New York City, in the summer of 1987 when the members of U2, accompanied by a film crew, paused to watch the blues duo. The scene later appeared in the film Rattle and Hum.[34]
- George Michael used to busk near the London Underground, performing songs such as '39 by Queen.[35]
- Boston subway, where he was a regular busker. In most cases, songs were recorded in one or two takes.[36]
- Kristyna Myles won the BBC Radio 5 Live Busker of the Year competition in 2005 and has gone on to sign a recording contract with Decca. Her debut album is due for release in September 2012.
- Paul Oscher, a famous Blues musician and harp player, has busked as "Brooklyn Slim" on the Venice Boardwalk to try out new material. Oscher, a two-time W.C Handy Award winner, was the harp player for Muddy Waters and his band in the late 1960s and early 1970s. He currently performs at blues festivals in the U.S. and internationally.
- Amanda Palmer, singer-songwriter, internet personality and founder of The Dresden Dolls started out performing as a living statue around the world.
- Don Partridge, an English singer and songwriter, known as the "king of the buskers". Achieved unexpected commercial success in the UK and Europe in the late 1960s with the songs "Rosie", "Blue Eyes" and "Breakfast On Pluto".
- Natalia Paruz, aka 'Saw Lady', who can be seen in movies such as Dummy and heard on many movie soundtracks, has been playing the musical saw in the New York City subway since 1994.[37]
- Surf/ska band the Red Elvises boosted their career by playing outside in Santa Monica, California, on the Third Street Promenade. Their manic performances attracted such large crowds that city officials asked them to stop.[38]
- Alice Tan Ridley, busked in New York City subway stations for 30 years; semi-finalist in America's Got Talent, mother of Gabourey Sidibe[39]
- Rodrigo y Gabriela, began their career by busking in Dublin, Ireland.
- John Henry".[citation needed]
- Daniel Seavey performed in the streets of Portland, Oregon, and subsequently joined boy band Why Don't We.
- Ketch Secor, whose group Old Crow Medicine Show started with busking and remains committed to it, has said: "People ... have short attention spans. ... So if you can get 'em to stop ... if you can get 'em to listen with a song, then you've got yourself a keeper."[40]
- The Piccadilly Rats, street performance group from Manchester, England
- Allie Sherlock sings on Grafton Street, Dublin
- Tuba Skinny, street band in New Orleans
- Rod Stewart began hanging around folk singer Wizz Jones and busking, at Leicester Square and other London spots in 1962.[41] On several trips over the next 18 months, Jones and Stewart took their act to Brighton and then to Paris, sleeping under bridges over the river Seine, and then finally to Barcelona.[41] Finally this resulted in Stewart being rounded up and deported from Spain for vagrancy during 1963.[41][42]
- Tash Sultana, an Australian singer-songwriter and multi-instrumentalist who busked on the streets of Melbourne.[43]
- SungBeats, a beatbox loop artist won the Amateur Night at the Apollo competition in 2014.
- Damo Suzuki, the singer of the band Can, was found by band members Czukay and Liebezeit busking outside a Munich café and was asked to perform with the band that same night.
- Tones and I, an Australian indie-pop singer-songwriter and musician.
- KT Tunstall, a popular Scottish singer, has been recorded busking in Glasgow.
- Nik Turner, former saxophonist with Hawkwind and Inner City Unit, continues to busk regularly in the streets of his adopted hometown Cardigan.
- T. Rex members Marc Bolan and Steve Peregrin Took first performed as an acoustic guitar/bongos duo when they went busking together in Hyde Park in summer 1967 after their electric equipment had been confiscated by Track Records and their two bandmates had both left. In this acoustic format, the duo would go on to release three albums.
- Unipiper, a performer in Portland, Oregon, is known for playing the bagpipes on a unicycle.
- Violent Femmes were discovered by James Honeyman-Scott (of The Pretenders) on 23 August 1981, when the band was busking on a street corner in front of the Oriental Theatre, the Milwaukee venue that The Pretenders would be playing later that night. Chrissie Hynde invited them to play a brief acoustic set after the opening act.
- Yamunabai Waikar, decorated Indian folk–Lavani–Tamasha artist busked with her mother as a child.[44]
- Billy Waters, a one-legged busker who rose to prominence in London during the nineteenth century.
- Hayley Westenra at one time busked on the streets of Christchurch, New Zealand.[45]
Gallery
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German street performers play for pedestrians in 1948
-
Classical fiddler in Arles, France
-
A street performance trio on their pitch outside Prague Castle
-
Mother and son busking in Lhasa, Tibet, 1993
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Acrobat jumping over volunteers in Washington, D.C.
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Violinist in Sutton High Street, Sutton, London
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Street performer using a fire devilstick in São Paulo, Brazil
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Street musician playing congas, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Street performer at Špancirfest, Croatia
See also
References
- ^ "Busker" Merriam-Webster Dictionary. Quote: "chiefly British"
- ^ "Busker" Cambridge Dictionary. Quote: "mainly UK"
- ^ "busker" Archived 27 September 2007 at the Wayback Machine Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
- Real Academia Española
- ^ a b Baird, Stephen (2000)."The History and Cultural Impact of Street Performing in America: Ben Franklin". Street Performers and Buskers Advocates. Retrieved 2010-06-10.
- ^ "mariachi" Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary
- ^ Ferris, Jedd (25 September 2008). "Catching Up With ... Old Crow Medicine Show". Paste. Retrieved 28 September 2012.
- ^ International Council for Traditional Music, Report from the International Meeting of the International Council for Traditional Music's Study Group on Folk Musical Instruments, Volume 11, Musikmuseet, 1992, p. 54
- ^ Eva Bonitatibus. "L'arpa perduta - L'identità dei musicanti girovaghi" (PDF) (in Italian and English). consiglio.basilicata.it. Retrieved 22 June 2016.
- ^ Somerville, Chris (1997). "Who is Mr Punch". punchandjudy.com. Archived from the original on 24 February 2023. Retrieved 14 June 2010.
- ISBN 0-8014-8222-4
- ^ Startz, Dick (25 May 2005). "What this town needs is a little street music". uwnews.org. University of Washington News and Information. Archived from the original on 4 April 2008.
- ^ MTA: Arts for Transit: Music Under New York. mta.info; Metropolitan Transportation Authority, New York. Retrieved 2016-07-15.
- Canadian Journal for Traditional Music. Retrieved 2010-06-10.
- ^ Blue, Niceol (27 June 2006). A History of Busking Archived 15 June 2006 at the Wayback Machine Pike Market Performer's Guild. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
- Canadian Journal for Traditional Music. Retrieved 2010-06-10.
- Canadian Journal for Traditional Music. Retrieved 2010-06-10.
- ^ Berger v. Seattle, C03-3238JLR (PDF). Decision, U.S. District Court, Western District of WA at Seattle, 22 April 2004. Retrieved 2010-06-11.
- ^ Why, Who (July 2014). "Who, what, why: Where is the hardest place in the UK to be a busker?". BBC News. Retrieved 9 October 2014.
- ^ "Street Performances in New York". 411newyork.org. 16 July 2007. Retrieved 19 July 2012.
- ^ Transport For London, Busking
- ^ Appleton, Natalie (7 February 2010). "The Big Busk: London Busking Explained". The London Insider. Archived from the original on 13 February 2010. Retrieved 15 June 2010.
- ^ The Ultimate Cigar Aficionado: Ninety-eight-year-old George Burns Shares Memories of His Life Archived 7 March 2010 at the Wayback Machine , article and interview by Cigar Aficionado Online
- ^ Murray, Oliver (1 August 2014). "Video surfaces of band's humble beginnings". Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 26 August 2020.
- ^ "Living Portrait series: The Spoon Lady". Citizen Times. Retrieved 25 January 2017.
- ^ weingarten, Gene (April 8, 2008) "Pearls Before Breakfast: Can one of the nation's great musicians cut through the fog of a D.C. rush hour? Let's find out" The Washington Post
- ^ "Catfish and the Bottleman reveal touching Aussie story behind their band name". abc.net.au. Retrieved 3 July 2015.
- ^ "Mike Doughty". Archived from the original on 14 May 2011. Retrieved 26 November 2009.
- ^ "Classical group G4 announce split". 6 April 2007. Retrieved 12 September 2016 – via bbc.co.uk.
- ^ metrowebukmetro (24 February 2008). "X Factor star tops classical charts". Retrieved 12 September 2016.
- ^ "Mark Goffeney — There's No Business Like Toe Business". ABILITY Magazine. 2010. Archived from the original on 22 July 2022. Retrieved 2 September 2023.
- ^ Alex Vadukul (16 July 2020). "It's a Tough Time to Be a Street Musician With a 900-Pound Piano". The New York Times. Retrieved 6 November 2021.
- ^ From Busker To Billionaire: How Guy Laliberté Achieved Success EvanCarmichael.com.
- ^ Modern Blues Harmonica (6 March 2007). "Satan and Adam – Harlem, 1987 (in U2's Rattle and Hum)". Archived from the original on 7 November 2021. Retrieved 12 September 2016 – via YouTube.
- ^ A Night At The Opera Archived 10 May 2015 at the Wayback Machine QueenZone.com Retrieved 23 January 2013
- National Public Radio. Retrieved 13 June 2010.
- ^ "Natalia Paruz, musical saw Player". subwaymusicblog.com (Vimeo). 15 March 2011. Retrieved 9 April 2011.
- ^ "Red Elvises". San Antonio. November 2023. Retrieved 25 January 2024.
- ^ "After Years Underground, a Subway Singer Gets the Spotlight" by Susan Hartman, The New York Times, 16 September 2016
- ^ Parton, Chris (19 July 2012). "Old Crow Medicine Show Carries Traditional Country New Album, Carry Me Back, Takes a Somber Approach". CMT News. Retrieved 25 September 2012.
- ^ a b c Ewbank and Hildred, Rod Stewart: The New Biography, pp. 24–28.
- ISBN 978-0-671-43457-1.
- ^ Lucy Cormack (19 October 2016). "Tash Sultana review: Welcome to the jungle of the one woman band". Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 26 January 2017.
- ^ "A tearjerker from Wai" by Navami Naik, The Times of India, 11 February 2002
- ^ Hayley Westenra Biography Archived 27 January 2010 at the Wayback Machine askmen.com; IGN Entertainment.
External links
Organisations
- World Street Music – international project about street musicians
- Busker Central Calendar of worldwide busking events
- National Association of Street Artists UK
- Street Arts
- Photographs of buskers around the world by Tudor ApMadoc
- The Busking Project, celebrating and supporting buskers across the world.
Press
- "Striving to make music under the NYC streets". Daniel Strieff and Jon Sweeney. 24 August 2004. MSNBC.
- "What the ailing record industry can learn from a successful subway musician". Nicholas Thompson. December 2003. Washington Monthly.
- "The Real Piano Man" Steven Kurutz, 30 August 2008. The New York Times.
Other
- McKay, George (2007). "'A soundtrack to the insurrection': street music, marching bands and popular protest". Parallax. 13 (1): 20–31. S2CID 143754205.
- Bennett, Elizabeth, and McKay, George. 2019. From Brass Bands to Buskers: Street Music in the UK. Norwich: AHRC/UEA.