Oral administration
Oral administration | |
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Other names | By mouth, per os (PO) |
Oral administration is a
Oral administration can be easier and less painful than other routes of administration, such as injection. However, the onset of action is relatively low, and the effectiveness is reduced if it is not absorbed properly in the
Terminology
Per os (
Scope
Enteral administration includes:
- Buccal, dissolved inside the cheek
- Sublabial, dissolved under the lip
- Sublingual administration (SL), dissolved under the tongue, but due to rapid absorption many consider SL a parenteral route
- Oral (PO), swallowed tablet, capsule or liquid
Enteral medications come in various forms, including[3] oral solid dosage (OSD) forms:[4]
- Tablets to swallow, chew or dissolve in water or under the tongue
- Capsules and chewable capsules (with a coating that dissolves in the stomach or bowel to release the medication there)
- Time-release or sustained-release tablets and capsules (which release the medication gradually)
- Powders or granules
and oral liquid dosage forms:[5]
- Teas
- Drops
- Liquid medications or syrups
Facilitating methods
Concomitant ingestion of water facilitates in swallowing tablets and capsules.[6] If the substance has disagreeable taste, addition of a flavor may facilitate ingestion.[6] Substances that are harmful to the teeth are preferably given through a straw.[6]
See also
- Nothing by mouth
- List of abbreviations used in medical prescriptions
- List of Latin phrases
- Medical prescription
- Thin-film drug delivery
References
- ^ "Oral Administration of Drugs: Advantages and Disadvantages". Retrieved December 8, 2022.
- ISBN 3-11-015793-4.
- ^ Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care. "Oral medications". Informed Health Online. Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care. Retrieved 22 June 2013.
- ISBN 978-1-4822-5891-2.
- ISBN 978-0-203-49024-2.
- ^ a b c TheFreeDictionary > oral administration of medication Citing: Mosby's Medical Dictionary, 8th edition. 2009