Byzantine civil war of 1321–1328
Byzantine civil war of 1321–1328 | |||||||
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Part of the Byzantine Civil Wars | |||||||
Byzantine Empire and surrounding territory in 1307, shortly before the First Palaiologan Civil War. | |||||||
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Belligerents | |||||||
Serbian Kingdom |
Andronikos III Palaiologos Second Bulgarian Empire | ||||||
Commanders and leaders | |||||||
Andronikos II Syrgiannes Palaiologos[a] |
Andronikos III | ||||||
Strength | |||||||
Unknown |
Unknown
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Casualties and losses | |||||||
First conflict (1321): unknown Second conflict (1322): few, or light Third conflict (1327–28): possibly heavier, but comparatively light. | Unknown, but also possibly comparatively light | ||||||
The Byzantine civil war of 1321–1328 was a series of conflicts between the
Prelude to the civil war
1321: First conflict
Andronikos III had many supporters, chief among them
1322: Second conflict
The peace agreement of 1321 did not last long, as both Andronikoi pursued virtually independent foreign policies. Within the faction of Andronikos III a rift arose between the Syrgiannes and
On 2 February 1325, Andronikos III was formally crowned as co-emperor by his grandfather. Although there was little fighting during this conflict, the effects had a major impact on the empire: constant troop movements from
1327–28: Third conflict
In February 1327 a new conflict occurred between Andronikos III Palaiologos and his grandfather Andronikos II Palaiologos, but this time the Balkan countries were involved in war. On Andronikos II Palaiologos' side stood the Serbian king Stefan Dečanski, while Andronikos III was allied with the Bulgarian emperor Michael Shishman by the terms of the Treaty of Chernomen. Battles were fought for the Macedonian territories and after this victories these territories along with the city of Thessalonica went into hands of Andronikos III Palaiologos. In January 1328 Andronikos III Palaiologos and his commander John Kantakouzenos entered Thessalonica. After these victories in Macedonia, Andronikos III decided to capture Constantinopole and in May 1328 he entered into city and forced his grandfather to abdicate and took power in charge. Two years later the old emperor was taken to a monastery where he died on February 13, 1332.
With Andronikos III Palaiologos (1328–1341) came a new generation with John Kantakouzenos as leader, who was in charge of politics while Andronikos III was in charge of army. The civil war exhausted the empire, the value of money dropped, but the new government took care of law and courts.
Aftermath
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See also
- List of Byzantine civil wars
Notes
- ^ Ostrogorsky, p. 499.
- ^ a b Fine (1994), p. 251
- ^ a b Nicol (1993), p. 157
- ^ Bartusis (1997), p. 87
- ^ Ostrogorsky, pp. 499-501
- ^ Vásáry (2005), p. 121
- ^ a b Kazhdan (1991), p. 1997
- ^ Norwich (1996), p. 278
- ^ "Roman Horses, Enemy Horses and Writers: The Testimony of Historia Romana by Nikephoros Gregoras", by Alexia-Foteini Stamouli, in The Liminal Horse: Equitation and Boundaries, ed. by Rena Maguire and Anastasija Roja (Trivent Publishing, 2021) p. 142
- ^ Norwich (1996), p.282
- ^ Nicol (1993), p. 158
- ^ Ostrogorsky, p. 501
Sources
- Bartusis, Mark C. (1997), The Late Byzantine Army: Arms and Society 1204–1453, University of Pennsylvania Press, ISBN 0-8122-1620-2
- Bosch, Ursula Victoria (1965), Kaiser Andronikos III. Palaiologos. Versuch einer Darstellung der byzantinischen Geschichte in den Jahren 1321–1341 (in German), Adolf M. Hakkert
- ISBN 0-472-08260-4.
- ISBN 0-19-504652-8.
- ISBN 978-0-19-925246-6
- ISBN 978-0-521-43991-6.
- Nicol, Donald MacGillivray (1996), The Reluctant Emperor: A Biography of John Cantacuzene, Byzantine Emperor and Monk, C. 1295–1383, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 978-0-521-52201-4
- ISBN 0-8047-2630-2.
- ISBN 0-8135-0599-2