Cévennes
Cévennes | ||
---|---|---|
Occitan: Cevenas | ||
Highest point | ||
Peak | Mont Lozère | |
Elevation | 1,702 m (5,584 ft) | |
Coordinates | 44°25′34″N 03°44′21″E / 44.42611°N 3.73917°E | |
Naming | ||
Pronunciation | English: /seɪˈvɛn/ say-VEN French: [sevɛn] ⓘ | |
Geography | ||
Location in the Massif Central
| ||
Country | Départements Gard, Lozère, Ardèche and Haute-Loire | |
Parent range | Massif Central |
The Cévennes (
The name Cévennes comes from the
The mountain range also gives its name to a meteorological effect when cold air from the Atlantic coast meets warm air of southern winds from the Mediterranean and causes heavy autumnal downpours, often leading to floods. These are called épisodes cévenols.
Defining the Cévennes
Etymology
The origin of the name Cévennes is
There are several popular false etymologies, one of which is that the name is derived for the words seven veins (sept veines in French) which is supposed to be a reference to the seven rivers (veins) flowing through the region. Historical references to the name that predate the French Language itself, preclude this possibility.[10] Another false etymology suggests that the name comes from the Occitan word ceba (also written cebo) which means "onion", which is supposed to reference the layered structure of slate which makes up the mountains. But this is not possible as the Occitan ceba derives from Latin cepa which does not phonetically fit the references to the region in Latin and Greek Literature. Additionally, the suffix -enna, originally Celtic, was brought over into Latin, and was never used for words of Latin origin.[13][14]
Geography
Extent
In the larger sense, the Cévennes include nine
The principal towns and villages of the Cévennes are
Description
The Cévennes mountains run from southwest (
Geology
The Cévennes form the south eastern fragment of the
Population and history
Prehistory
Transhumance is most likely the beginning of human activity in the Cévennes[17]: 23 but little trace has been found of humans from the Paleolithic era except in the southern portion around Ganges and Saint-Hippolyte-du-Fort which contains a large quantity of caves rich with archeological evidence such as "La Roque Aynier" (Ganges), and "Baume Dolente" (Vebron) which suggest the presence of Magdalenian peoples (17,000–12,000 BCE).[17]: 25
By the
Ancient
The
Under Roman control, Le Vigan was part of the Roman "Provincia," (hence Provence) called Gallia Narbonensis. Julius Caesar crossed the Cévennes mountains in the winter of 52 BCE, having his soldiers clear paths in up to six feet of snow, to attack the Averne Confederation.[27]: 231
The
Middle Ages
In 587 the region came under
In the High Middle Ages, the region saw the flourishing of Romanesque architecture and monastic implantation, like Mazan Abbey. It was during this time that large-scale clearings took place under the lead of abbots and monks, allowing more space to be cultivated by the local people.
The northern part of the region suffered greatly from the
The "Desert" period and the Camisards War
French
The
Modern
In the 21st century, the region still has a large community of French
In 1702, this Huguenot population, dubbed the
During World War II, a network of families in the Cévennes sheltered a number of Jews from capture by the Nazis. These efforts, organized by local Protestant pastors, ultimately protected hundreds from capture and likely death.[35]
Popular culture
- Vincent d'Indy, a composer of Ardèche origin, wrote the Symphonie Cévenole (known in English as his Symphony on a French Mountain Air).
- Robert Louis Stevenson, a Scottish writer, visited the Cévennes in 1878 and wrote Travels with a Donkey in the Cévennes (1879) about his experiences.
Transport
3-hour TGV from Paris, 1h30 flight from London (Luton) to Nîmes (Garons), the closest international airport and 3h30 drive from Barcelona.
By car
- A75 Montpellier – Clermont-Ferrand – Paris
- A9 (la Languedocienne) Barcelona (Espagne) – Montpellier
Tourism
- The Corniche des Cévennes (the D 907) is a spectacular road between St-Jean-Gard and Florac. It was constructed at the beginning of the 18th century to enable the movement of Louis XIV's troops during his conflict with the Camisards.
References
- ^ "Cévennes". The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (5th ed.). HarperCollins. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
- ^ "Cévennes". Collins English Dictionary. HarperCollins. Retrieved 16 May 2019.
- ^ "Cévennes" (US) and "Cévennes". Oxford Dictionaries UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press.[dead link]
- ^ "Cevennes | United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization".
- ^ a b "The Causses and the Cévennes, Mediterranean agro-pastoral Cultural Landscape". UNESCO World Heritage Centre. World Heritage Convention. Retrieved 27 November 2021.
- ^ "Cevennes National Park, France". National Geographic. 8 April 2011. Archived from the original on 5 March 2017.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-4438-5285-2. Retrieved 29 March 2019.
- ^ Les causses et les cévennes UNESCO
- TheGuardian.com. 23 April 2010.
- ^ ISBN 978-2-8046-0217-8.
- ^ "Culture et Patrimoine".
- ^ "Cévennes Gardoises".
- ^ "Atlas du parc national des Cévennes – Relief, pentes, expositions". atlas.parcsnationaux.org. 20 November 2016. Archived from the original on 29 June 2009. Retrieved 30 March 2019.
- ^ "Atlas du Parc National des Cévennes - Page 16". Archive.wikiwix.com. Archived from the original on 29 June 2009. Retrieved 28 September 2022.
- ^ a b S. Souchay, Du paysage à sa dénomination, une contrée cévenole, maîtrise de géographie Toulouse Mirail, 2005.
- ^ Suthren., Roger (2003). "Rocks and Scenery of the Mont Lozère Region, France". Oxford Brookes University's Ecology field course to the Cévennes. Oxford Brookes University. Retrieved 10 August 2016.
- ^ ISBN 978-2130749363.
- ^ "Cevennes National Park in Southern France". Archived from the original on 17 June 2009. Retrieved 14 June 2006.
- ^ "Cham des Bondons".
- ^ "Cham des Bondons – les Bondons".
- ^ "Les environs de Ganges (Cévennes)".
- ^ "The Prehistory of the Causses, the Cevennes & Gorges of the Tarn region. | History".
- ^ "Les celtes".
- ^ "La confédération arverne".
- ^ "Histoire des Causses & Cévennes | Histoire".
- ISBN 978-1-62018-073-0.
- ^ Caesar, Julius (1904). Caesar's Commentaries on the Gallic War. Lee & Shepard.
- ^ "Le Musée du Désert - the Museum". Archived from the original on 27 March 2019. Retrieved 26 March 2019.
- ^ "Edict of Nantes | Description, History, & Importance". 15 November 2023.
- ^ "Le Musée du Désert - the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes". Archived from the original on 5 December 2019. Retrieved 26 March 2019.
- ^ Philippe Joutard, Les Camisards, Gallimard 1976, rédité en coll. Folio Histoire en 1994, pp. 217–219
- ^ Encyclopedia of the Age of Political Ideals: 'Edict of Versailles (1787)'. 29 January 2012. Archived from the original on 14 July 2012. Retrieved 26 March 2019.
- ^ "The Camisard War". Archived from the original on 18 July 2013. Retrieved 26 March 2019.
- ^ "The first Camisards and freedom of conscience". Archived from the original on 16 July 2013. Retrieved 4 February 2022.
- ^ Culp, Kristine (2010). Vulnerability and glory : a theological account. Louisville, Ky.: Westminster Knox Press. pp. 128–130.
External links
, by Sabine Baring-Gould
- Regordane Info – The independent portal for The Regordane Way or St Gilles Trail Archived 2019-05-28 at the Wayback Machine (in English and French)
- Cévennes mediterranenan tourism
- Cévennes tourism