C-terminus
The C-terminus (also known as the carboxyl-terminus, carboxy-terminus, C-terminal tail, carboxy tail, C-terminal end, or COOH-terminus) is the end of an
Chemistry
Each amino acid has a carboxyl group and an
Function
C-terminal retention signals
While the
Peroxisomal targeting signal
The sequence -SKL (Ser-Lys-Leu) or similar near C-terminus serves as peroxisomal targeting signal 1, directing the protein into peroxisome.
C-terminal modifications
The C-terminus of proteins can be modified
Prenylation
One form of C-terminal modification is prenylation. During prenylation, a farnesyl- or geranylgeranyl-isoprenoid membrane anchor is added to a cysteine residue near the C-terminus. Small, membrane-bound G proteins are often modified this way.
GPI anchors
Another form of C-terminal modification is the addition of a phosphoglycan, glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI), as a membrane anchor. The GPI anchor is attached to the C-terminus after proteolytic cleavage of a C-terminal propeptide. The most prominent example for this type of modification is the prion protein.
Methylation
C-terminal
C-terminal domain
The C-terminal domain of some proteins has specialized functions. In humans, the CTD of
See also
- N-terminus
- TopFIND, a scientific database covering proteases, their cleavage site specificity, substrates, inhibitors and protein termini originating from their activity
References
- ^ "RHEA:48544". Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics.
- S2CID 4418258.
- PMID 7498740.