CC chemokine receptors

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CC chemokine receptors (or beta chemokine receptors) are integral membrane proteins that specifically bind and respond to cytokines of the CC chemokine family. They represent one subfamily of chemokine receptors, a large family of G protein-linked receptors that are known as seven transmembrane (7-TM) proteins since they span the cell membrane seven times. To date, ten true members of the CC chemokine receptor subfamily have been described. These are named CCR1 to CCR10 according to the IUIS/WHO Subcommittee on Chemokine Nomenclature.

Mechanism

The CC chemokine receptors all work by activating the G protein Gi.[1]

Types

Overview table

Receptor Ligands
CCR1 CCL4, CCL5, CCL6, CCL14, CCL15, CCL16, CCL23
CCR2 CCL2, CCL8, CCL16
CCR3 CCL11, CCL26, CCL7, CCL13, CCL15, CCL24, CCL5, CCL28, CCL18
CCR4 CCL3, CCL5, CCL17, CCL22
CCR5 CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL8, CCL11, CCL13, CCL14, CCL16
CCR6
CCL20
CCR7
CCL19, CCL21
CCR8
CCL1, CCL16
CCR9 CCL25
CCR10
CCL27, CCL28
CCR11
CCL19, CCL21, CCL25

CCR1

memory T-cells within the lymphocyte pool. This receptor is also designated cluster of differentiation
marker CD191.

CCR2

CCR2 is also designated CD192.

CCR3

CD193
.

CCR4

dendritic cells. The CC chemokines CCL3, CCL5, CCL17 and CCL22 signal through this receptor.[10][11]

CCR5

HIV-1 infection and disease. This receptor has several CC chemokine ligands including CCL2, CCL3, CCL4, CCL5, CCL11, CCL13, CCL14 and CCL16.[4][5][12][13]

CCR6

dendritic cells. CCR6 is also expressed on Th17 cells.[14] CCR6 is down-regulated in activated T-cells.[15]

CCR7

lymphoid organs. Its ligands include the related chemokines CCL19 and CCL21, (previously called ELC and SLC).[16]

CCR8

CCR8 is associated with Th2 lymphocytes and is therefore found predominantly in the thymus (in humans) although some expression can be found in the brain, spleen, lymph node, and monocytes at the nucleotide level. The ligands for this receptor are CCL1 and CCL16[17]

CCR9

intestine. The specific ligand of this receptor is CCL25[18] To note, the chemokine binding protein D6 had previously been named CCR9, but this molecule is a scavenger receptor
not a true (signaling) chemokine receptor.

CCR10

Tregs
) to mucosal layers.

CCR11

This molecule was originally designated CCR11 due to its ability to bind several CC chemokines (including CCL19, CCL21 and CCL25) and its structural similarity to chemokine receptors. However, due to the inability of this molecule (also known as CCRL1 and CCX CKR) to generate a signal following ligand interaction, it has been suggested that it is a scavenger receptor for chemokines and not a bona fide chemokine receptor. Thus CCRL1 should not be called CCR11 under the guidelines of the IUIS/WHO Subcommittee on Chemokine Nomenclature.

References

External links

  • "Chemokine Receptors". IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. Archived from the original on 2016-03-03. Retrieved 2008-11-25.