CD14

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
CD14
Gene ontology
Molecular function
Cellular component
Biological process
Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001174105
NM_000591
NM_001040021
NM_001174104

NM_009841

RefSeq (protein)

NP_000582
NP_001035110
NP_001167575
NP_001167576

NP_033971

Location (UCSC)Chr 5: 140.63 – 140.63 MbChr 18: 36.86 – 36.86 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

CD14 (

macrophages as part of the innate immune system.[5][6] It helps to detect bacteria in the body by binding lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a pathogen-associated molecular pattern
(PAMP).

CD14 exists in two forms, one anchored to the membrane by a

kDa) or is directly secreted from intracellular vesicles (56 kDa).[7]

The x-ray crystal structure of human CD14 reveals a monomeric, bent solenoid structure containing a hydrophobic amino-terminal pocket.[8]

CD14 was the first described pattern recognition receptor.

Function

CD14 acts as a co-receptor (along with the

lipopolysaccharide-binding protein
(LBP). Although LPS is considered its main ligand, CD14 also recognizes other pathogen-associated molecular patterns such as lipoteichoic acid.[11] Cluster of differentiation CD14 is a receptor for a very wide range of microbial products including lipopolysaccharide (released from Gram-negative bacteria), peptidoglycans, and lipoteichoic acid (constituents of Gram-positive bacteria).[12]

Signaling pathway of toll-like receptors. Dashed grey lines represent unknown associations

Tissue distribution

CD14 is expressed mainly by

dendritic cells. The soluble form of the receptor (sCD14) is secreted by the liver and monocytes and is sufficient in low concentrations to confer LPS-responsiveness to cells not expressing CD14. mCD14 and sCD14 are also present on enterocytes.[13] sCD14 is also present in human milk
, where it is believed to regulate microbial growth in the infant gut.

Differentiation

CD14+

IL-4
.

Interactions

CD14 has been shown to

interact with lipopolysaccharide-binding protein.[14][15]

References

  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000170458 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000051439 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. PMID 2472171
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External links

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