CD14
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Location (UCSC) | Chr 5: 140.63 – 140.63 Mb | Chr 18: 36.86 – 36.86 Mb | |||||||
PubMed search | [3] | [4] |
View/Edit Human | View/Edit Mouse |
CD14 (
macrophages as part of the innate immune system.[5][6] It helps to detect bacteria in the body by binding lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a pathogen-associated molecular pattern
(PAMP).
CD14 exists in two forms, one anchored to the membrane by a
kDa) or is directly secreted from intracellular vesicles (56 kDa).[7]
The x-ray crystal structure of human CD14 reveals a monomeric, bent solenoid structure containing a hydrophobic amino-terminal pocket.[8]
CD14 was the first described pattern recognition receptor.
Function
CD14 acts as a co-receptor (along with the
lipopolysaccharide-binding protein
(LBP).
Although LPS is considered its main ligand, CD14 also recognizes other pathogen-associated molecular patterns such as lipoteichoic acid.[11] Cluster of differentiation CD14 is a
receptor for a very wide range of microbial products including lipopolysaccharide (released from Gram-negative bacteria), peptidoglycans, and lipoteichoic acid (constituents of Gram-positive bacteria).[12]
Tissue distribution
CD14 is expressed mainly by
dendritic cells. The soluble form of the receptor (sCD14) is secreted by the liver and monocytes and is sufficient in low concentrations to confer LPS-responsiveness to cells not expressing CD14. mCD14 and sCD14 are also present on enterocytes.[13] sCD14 is also present in human milk
, where it is believed to regulate microbial growth in the infant gut.
Differentiation
CD14+
IL-4
.
Interactions
CD14 has been shown to
References
- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000170458 - Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000051439 - Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- PMID 2472171.
- PMID 2462937.
- PMID 9575549.
- PMID 23264655.
- PMID 10608082.
- PMID 10608084.
- PMID 23430250.
- S2CID 35306289.
- PMID 11349042.
- S2CID 25135963.
- PMID 7583357.
External links
- Human CD14 genome location and CD14 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.
- Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: P08571 (Monocyte differentiation antigen CD14) at the PDBe-KB.
- CD14+Antigens at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)