Integrin beta 2
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CD18
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| Location (UCSC) | Chr 21: 44.89 – 44.93 Mb | Chr 10: 77.37 – 77.4 Mb | |||||||
| PubMed search | [3] | [4] | |||||||
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In molecular biology, CD18 (Integrin beta chain-2) is an
heterodimers, which play significant roles in cellular adhesion and cell surface signaling, as well as important roles in immune responses.[5][6] CD18 also exists in soluble, ligand binding forms. Deficiencies in CD18 expression can lead to adhesion defects in circulating white blood cells
in humans, reducing the immune system's ability to fight off foreign invaders.
Structure and function
The ITGB2 protein product is CD18. Integrins are integral cell-surface proteins composed of an alpha chain and a beta chain, and are crucial for cells to be able to efficiently bind to the extracellular matrix.[5] This is especially important for neutrophils, as cellular adhesion plays a large role in extravasation from the blood vessels. A given chain may combine with multiple partners resulting in different integrins.
The known binding partners of CD18 are
Binding of CD18 and CD11b-d results in the formation of
innate immune response by recognizing foreign antigen peptides and phagocytizing
them, thus destroying the antigen.
Clinical significance
In humans, lack of functional CD18 causes
soluble form, meaning they are not anchored into the plasma membrane of the cell, but rather exist outside of the cell in the plasma, and are capable of ligand binding.[11] The soluble beta 2 integrins are ligand binding and plasma levels are inversely associated with disease activity in the autoimmune disease spondyloarthritis.[12]
Interactions
CD18 has been shown to
interact
with:
See also
References
- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000160255 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000000290 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ PMID 1968349.
- ^ "ITGB2 integrin subunit beta 2 [ Homo sapiens (human) ]".
- ^ PMID 28784685.
- ^ PMID 8690779.
- PMID 35408940. 3578.
- S2CID 40388710.
- PMID 20826754.
- PMID 24490631.
- PMID 10906324.
- PMID 9442085.
- S2CID 40796900.
- PMID 11279101.
- PMID 7642561.
- PMID 9765275.
- PMID 10835351.
Further reading
- Bunting M, Harris ES, McIntyre TM, Prescott SM, Zimmerman GA (January 2002). "Leukocyte adhesion deficiency syndromes: adhesion and tethering defects involving beta 2 integrins and selectin ligands". Current Opinion in Hematology. 9 (1): 30–5. PMID 11753075.
- Roos D, Law SK (2003). "Hematologically important mutations: leukocyte adhesion deficiency". Blood Cells, Molecules & Diseases. 27 (6): 1000–4. PMID 11831866.
- Gahmberg CG, Fagerholm S (August 2002). "Activation of leukocyte beta2-integrins". Vox Sanguinis. 83 (Suppl 1): 355–8. S2CID 84695792.
- Schymeinsky J, Mócsai A, Walzog B (August 2007). "Neutrophil activation via beta2 integrins (CD11/CD18): molecular mechanisms and clinical implications". Thrombosis and Haemostasis. 98 (2): 262–73. S2CID 41094726.
External links
- CD18+antigen at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
- ITGB2 Info with links in the Cell Migration Gateway Archived 11 December 2014 at the Wayback Machine
- Human ITGB2 genome location and ITGB2 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.
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