CD31
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| Location (UCSC) | Chr 17: 64.32 – 64.41 Mb | Chr 11: 106.55 – 106.64 Mb | |||||||
| PubMed search | [3] | [4] | |||||||
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Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (PECAM-1) also known as cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PECAM1 gene found on chromosome17q23.3.[5][6][7][8] PECAM-1 plays a key role in removing aged neutrophils from the body.
Structure
PECAM-1 is a highly glycosylated
Interactions
PECAM-1 is a cell-cell adhesion protein[11] which interacts with other PECAM-1 molecules through homophilic interactions or with non-PECAM-1 molecules through heterophilic interactions.[12] Homophilic interactions between PECAM-1 molecules are mediated by antiparallel interactions between extracellular Ig-like domain 1 and Ig-like domain 2. These interactions are regulated by the level of PECAM-1 expression. Homophilic interactions occur, only when the surface expression of PECAM-1 is high. Otherwise, when expression is low, heterophilic interactions occur.[13]
Tissue distribution
CD31 is normally found on endothelial cells, platelets, macrophages and Kupffer cells, granulocytes, lymphocytes (T cells, B cells, and NK cells), megakaryocytes, and osteoclasts.
Immunohistochemistry
In
Function
PECAM-1 is found on the surface of
Role in signaling
PECAM-1 plays a role in
Leukocyte transmigration
PECAM-1 is involved in migration of
Angiogenesis
PECAM-1 is also important for angiogenesis because it enables the formation of new blood vessels through the cell-cell adhesion.[25]
Role of CD31 in diseases
Cancer
PECAM-1 is expressed by many
Recently, it was found out that elderly patients with gastric cancer have high concentration of PECAM-1 in the serum. That suggests that the use of a serum PECAM-1 level can be a good prognostic marker.[29]
Atherosclerosis
Inhibition of PECAM-1 leads to a reduction of atherosclerotic lesions in mice.[30] That means that PECAM-1 is involved in atherosclerosis. The exact mechanism, how PECAM-1 contributes to atherosclerosis is not known, but there are some theories. PECAM-1 can act as a mechanoresponsive molecule. Or the pathogenesis can be caused by the infiltration of leukocytes mediated by PECAM-1. Finally, polymorphisms in the PECAM-1 gene can lead to the progression of atherosclerosis.[31]
Disseminated intravascular coagulation
Extensive microvascular thrombosis and increased microvascular permeability are main characteristics of disseminated intravascular coagulation, a fatal complication of sepsis. Patients with this devastating condition have high levels of PECAM-1 in the serum indicating PECAM-1 as a good diagnostic marker. Moreover, PECAM-1 can protect from the development of disseminated intravascular coagulation by inhibiting macrophage pyroptosis.[32]
Neuroinflammation
PECAM-1 contributes to at least two of the nervous system diseases,
References
- ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000261371 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000020717 – Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ a b "Entrez Gene: platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule".
- PMID 1690453.
- PMID 8661055.
- PMID 8921400.
- PMID 2351935.
- PMID 1690453.
- PMID 1874786.
- PMID 7945775.
- PMID 8702505.
- ISBN 978-1-84110-100-2.
- PMID 32245149.
- PMID 31963337.
- PMID 12689916.
- S2CID 32378668.
- PMID 8340753.
- S2CID 1741600.
- S2CID 82477153.
- S2CID 37713443.
- PMID 11901204.
- S2CID 26318819.
- PMID 9284815.
- S2CID 25682089.
- PMID 8226797.
- S2CID 33204411.
- S2CID 219313556.
- PMID 19048083.
- PMID 17872453.
- S2CID 218678428.
- S2CID 22437957.
Further reading
- Jackson DE (April 2003). "The unfolding tale of PECAM-1". FEBS Letters. 540 (1–3): 7–14. S2CID 21470915.
- Newman PJ, Newman DK (June 2003). "Signal transduction pathways mediated by PECAM-1: new roles for an old molecule in platelet and vascular cell biology". Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology. 23 (6): 953–964. PMID 12689916.
- Ilan N, Madri JA (October 2003). "PECAM-1: old friend, new partners". Current Opinion in Cell Biology. 15 (5): 515–524. PMID 14519385.
- Wong MX, Jackson DE (2004). "Regulation of B cell activation by PECAM-1: implications for the development of autoimmune disorders". Current Pharmaceutical Design. 10 (2): 155–161. PMID 14754395.
- Kalinowska A, Losy J (December 2006). "PECAM-1, a key player in neuroinflammation". European Journal of Neurology. 13 (12): 1284–1290. S2CID 22437957.
- Stockinger H, Gadd SJ, Eher R, Majdic O, Schreiber W, Kasinrerk W, et al. (December 1990). "Molecular characterization and functional analysis of the leukocyte surface protein CD31". Journal of Immunology. 145 (11): 3889–3897. S2CID 27015871.
- Albelda SM, Muller WA, Buck CA, Newman PJ (September 1991). "Molecular and cellular properties of PECAM-1 (endoCAM/CD31): a novel vascular cell-cell adhesion molecule". The Journal of Cell Biology. 114 (5): 1059–1068. PMID 1874786.
- Simmons DL, Walker C, Power C, Pigott R (June 1990). "Molecular cloning of CD31, a putative intercellular adhesion molecule closely related to carcinoembryonic antigen". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 171 (6): 2147–2152. PMID 2351935.
- Kirschbaum NE, Gumina RJ, Newman PJ (December 1994). "Organization of the gene for human platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 shows alternatively spliced isoforms and a functionally complex cytoplasmic domain". Blood. 84 (12): 4028–4037. PMID 7994021.
- Tang DG, Chen YQ, Newman PJ, Shi L, Gao X, Diglio CA, Honn KV (October 1993). "Identification of PECAM-1 in solid tumor cells and its potential involvement in tumor cell adhesion to endothelium". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 268 (30): 22883–22894. PMID 8226797.
- Behar E, Chao NJ, Hiraki DD, Krishnaswamy S, Brown BW, Zehnder JL, Grumet FC (February 1996). "Polymorphism of adhesion molecule CD31 and its role in acute graft-versus-host disease". The New England Journal of Medicine. 334 (5): 286–291. PMID 8532023.
- Lu TT, Yan LG, Madri JA (October 1996). "Integrin engagement mediates tyrosine dephosphorylation on platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 93 (21): 11808–11813. PMID 8876219.
- Almendro N, Bellón T, Rius C, Lastres P, Langa C, Corbí A, Bernabéu C (December 1996). "Cloning of the human platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 promoter and its tissue-specific expression. Structural and functional characterization". Journal of Immunology. 157 (12): 5411–5421. S2CID 6694530.
- Jackson DE, Ward CM, Wang R, Newman PJ (March 1997). "The protein-tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2 binds platelet/endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) and forms a distinct signaling complex during platelet aggregation. Evidence for a mechanistic link between PECAM-1- and integrin-mediated cellular signaling". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 272 (11): 6986–6993. PMID 9054388.
- Famiglietti J, Sun J, DeLisser HM, Albelda SM (September 1997). "Tyrosine residue in exon 14 of the cytoplasmic domain of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1/CD31) regulates ligand binding specificity". The Journal of Cell Biology. 138 (6): 1425–1435. PMID 9298995.
- Deaglio S, Morra M, Mallone R, Ausiello CM, Prager E, Garbarino G, et al. (January 1998). "Human CD38 (ADP-ribosyl cyclase) is a counter-receptor of CD31, an Ig superfamily member". Journal of Immunology. 160 (1): 395–402. S2CID 15132619.
- Coukos G, Makrigiannakis A, Amin K, Albelda SM, Coutifaris C (April 1998). "Platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 is expressed by a subpopulation of human trophoblasts: a possible mechanism for trophoblast-endothelial interaction during haemochorial placentation". Molecular Human Reproduction. 4 (4): 357–367. PMID 9620836.
- Cao MY, Huber M, Beauchemin N, Famiglietti J, Albelda SM, Veillette A (June 1998). "Regulation of mouse PECAM-1 tyrosine phosphorylation by the Src and Csk families of protein-tyrosine kinases". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 273 (25): 15765–15772. PMID 9624175.
- Ma L, Mauro C, Cornish GH, Chai JG, Coe D, Fu H, et al. (November 2010). "Ig gene-like molecule CD31 plays a nonredundant role in the regulation of T-cell immunity and tolerance". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 107 (45): 19461–19466. PMID 20978210.
External links
- Human CD Antigen Chart (eBioscience)
- Mouse CD Antigen Chart (eBioscience)
- Human PECAM1 genome location and PECAM1 gene details page in the UCSC Genome Browser.
- Overview of all the structural information available in the PDB for UniProt: P16284 (Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule) at the PDBe-KB.