PTPRC
Ensembl | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
UniProt | |||||||||
RefSeq (mRNA) | |||||||||
RefSeq (protein) | |||||||||
Location (UCSC) | Chr 1: 198.64 – 198.76 Mb | Chr 1: 137.99 – 138.1 Mb | |||||||
PubMed search | [3] | [4] |
View/Edit Human | View/Edit Mouse |
Protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, C also known as PTPRC is an enzyme that, in humans, is encoded by the PTPRC gene.[5] PTPRC is also known as CD45 antigen (CD stands for cluster of differentiation), which was originally called leukocyte common antigen (LCA).[6]
Function
The protein product of this gene, best known as CD45, is a member of the
CD45 is a
Many alternatively spliced transcripts variants of this gene, which encode distinct isoforms, have been reported.
Isoforms
The CD45 protein family consists of multiple members that are all products of a single complex gene. This gene contains 34
CD45's large extracellular domain is highly glycosylated, and these eight isoforms allow wide variation in the structure of its side chains. The isoforms affect the protein's
CD45 isoforms show cell-type and differentiation-stage specific expression, a pattern which is quite well conserved in mammals.[10] These isoforms are often used as markers that identify and distinguish between different types of immune cells.
Naive T lymphocytes are typically positive for CD45RA, which includes only the A protein region. Activated and memory T lymphocytes express CD45RO, the shortest CD45 isoform, which lacks all three of the A, B, and C regions. This shortest isoform facilitates T cell activation.[citation needed]
CD45R (also known as CD45RABC) contains all three possible exons. It is the longest protein and migrates at 200 kDa when isolated from T cells. B cells also express CD45R with heavier glycosylation, bringing the molecular weight to 220 kDa, hence the name B220 (B cell isoform of 220 kDa).
Interactions
PTPRC has been shown to
CD45 has been recently shown to interact with the
Clinical importance
CD45 is a pan-leukocyte protein with tyrosine phosphatase activity involved in the regulation of signal transduction in hematopoiesis. CD45 does not colocalize with
Use as a congenic marker
There are two identifiable
In 2016 a new knock-in mouse was generated on the C57BL/6 background to be a perfect congenic strain.[21] This mouse, dubbed the CD45.1STEM mouse, differs from the C57BL/6 strain by a single base pair resulting in a single amino acid change that confers the difference in reactivity by the anti-CD45.1 and anti-CD45.2 antibodies. This strain was designed for competitive bone marrow transplantation assays and demonstrated perfect equivalence, unlike the previous standard, the "SJL" mouse, more formally known as Pep Boy.[22]
References
- ^ a b c ENSG00000262418 GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000081237, ENSG00000262418 - Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000026395 - Ensembl, May 2017
- ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
- PMID 2169617.
- ^ a b "Entrez Gene: PTPRC protein tyrosine phosphatase, receptor type, C".
- PMID 16423050.
- ISBN 1-84110-100-1.
- ^ "Mini-review: CD45 characterization and Isoforms". Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.
- PMID 12414720.
- PMID 9148925.
- PMID 10921916.
- PMID 11564800.
- PMID 7516335.
- PMID 8473339.
- PMID 8576115.
- PMID 11909961.
- PMID 22174689.
- ^ Windheim M, Southcombe JH, Kremmer E, Chaplin L, Urlaub D, Falk CS, Claus M, Mihm J, Braithwaite M, Dennehy K, Renz H, Sester M, Watzl C, Burgert HG. A unique secreted adenovirus E3 protein binds to the leukocyte common antigen CD45 and modulates leukocyte functions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2013 Dec 10;110(50):E4884-93.
- ^ Mobraaten LE (1994). "JAX NOTES: Ly5 Gene Nomenclature, C57BL/6J and SJL/J - A History of Change". The Jackson Laboratory. Archived from the original on 2015-01-08. Retrieved 2015-01-08.
- PMID 27185283.
- ^ "002014 - B6.SJL-Ptprc Pepc/BoyJ". www.jax.org. Retrieved 2020-10-11.
Bibliography
- Tchilian EZ, Beverley PC (2002). "CD45 in memory and disease". Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis. 50 (2): 85–93. PMID 12022705.
- Ishikawa H, Tsuyama N, Abroun S, Liu S, Li FJ, Otsuyama K, et al. (September 2003). "Interleukin-6, CD45 and the src-kinases in myeloma cell proliferation". Leukemia & Lymphoma. 44 (9): 1477–81. S2CID 19867177.
- Stanton T, Boxall S, Bennett A, Kaleebu P, Watera C, Whitworth J, et al. (May 2004). "CD45 variant alleles: possibly increased frequency of a novel exon 4 CD45 polymorphism in HIV seropositive Ugandans". Immunogenetics. 56 (2): 107–10. S2CID 10179258.
- Huntington ND, Tarlinton DM (July 2004). "CD45: direct and indirect government of immune regulation". Immunology Letters. 94 (3): 167–74. PMID 15275963.
- Jameson R (2006). "CD45". Immunology course for undergraduates. Davidson College. Retrieved 2011-10-24.