Cable Internet access

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

In

satellite internet access
.

Hardware and bit rates

Main article: Cable modem

Broadband cable Internet access requires a cable modem at the customer's premises and a

hybrid fibre-coaxial (HFC) network. While access networks are referred to as last-mile technologies, cable Internet systems can typically operate where the distance between the modem and the termination system is up to 160 kilometres (99 mi). If the HFC network is large, the cable modem termination system can be grouped into hubs for efficient management. Several standards have been used for cable internet, but the most common is DOCSIS.[1]

A cable modem at the customer is connected via coaxial cable to an optical node, and thus into an HFC network. An optical node serves many modems as the modems are connected with coaxial cable to a coaxial cable "trunk" via distribution "taps" on the trunk, which then connects to the node, possibly using amplifiers along the trunk. The optical node converts the Radiofrequency (RF) signal in the coaxial cable trunk into light pulses to be sent through optical fibers in the HFC network. At the other end of the network, an optics platform or headend platform converts the light pulses into RF signals in coaxial cables again using transmitter and receiver modules,[2][3] and the cable modem termination system (CMTS) connects to these coaxial cables. An example of an optics platform is the Arris CH3000. There are two coaxial cables at the CMTS for each node: one for the downstream (download speed signal), and the other for the upstream (upload speed signal).[3] The CMTS then connects to the ISP's IP (Internet Protocol) network.[4]

kbit/s
to more than 50 Mbit/s, although maximum effective range seems to be unknown. One downstream channel can handle hundreds of cable modems. As the system grows, the CMTS can be upgraded with more downstream and upstream ports, and grouped into hub CMTSs for efficient management.

Most Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS) cable modems restrict upload and download rates, with customizable limits. These limits are set in configuration files which are downloaded to the modem using the Trivial File Transfer Protocol, when the modem first establishes a connection to the provider's equipment.[6] Some users [specify] have attempted to override the bandwidth cap and gain access to the full bandwidth of the system by uploading their own configuration file to the cable modem - a process called uncapping.

Shared bandwidth

In most residential broadband technologies, such as cable Internet,

bandwidth cap, or other bandwidth throttling technique; users' download speed is limited during peak times, if they have downloaded a large amount of data that day.[7]

See also

References

  1. ISBN 978-1285402758
    .
  2. ^ On The Design of Hybrid Fiber-Coax Networks
  3. ^ a b Data-Over-Cable Service Interface Specifications DOCSIS® 3.1 CCAP™ Operations Support System Interface Specification CM-SP-CCAP-OSSIv3.1-I25-220819. Cable labs.
  4. ^ Data-Over-Cable Service Interface Specifications DOCSIS® 4.0 Physical Layer Specification CM-SP-PHYv4.0-I06-221019. Cablelabs.
  5. ^ Friend, David (October 5, 2015). "Rogers, Bell and Telus hike Internet speeds, prices with 'gigabit' service". Toronto Star. The Canadian Press. Retrieved May 12, 2016.
  6. ^ Ferri, Vic. "Cable Internet-Are You Being Capped?". TechTrax. Using the Internet. MouseTrax Computing Solutions. Archived from the original on February 24, 2012. Retrieved May 12, 2016.
  7. better source needed
    ]
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