Caboclo

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Caboclos
)
For other uses, see Caboclo (disambiguation).
Sculpture showing the birth of a caboclo

A caboclo (Portuguese pronunciation:

mestiço
.

The term, also pronounced "caboco", is from

cafuzo
."

In the

cafuzos (mixed Amerindian-Black).[1]

A survey performed in Rio de Janeiro showed that 14% of Whites and 6% of Pardos reported Amerindian and White ancestry.[2]

According to some estimations, caboclos would be around 12% of Brazilian population.[3][4]

Etymology

The term caboclo (which in the Amazon Basin and in Candomblé is usually pronounced without the l, as caboco) is said to come from the Tupi word kari'boka,[citation needed] meaning "deriving from the white". Its primary meaning is mestizo, "a person of part Amerindian and part European descent." But it may also be used to refer to any Indigenous Brazilian who is assimilated.[5] The term Indian should not be confused with people originating from India in South Asia.

The king of Portugal, D. Joseph I, encouraged marriages between European colonists and Indians in the 18th century; this enabled the European men to settle into families, and resulted in the birth of the first caboclo children. Similarly, in the 19th century during the time of

rubber
. The men were never granted permission to leave, and married local native women, fathering more generations of mestiços.

The caboclo populations in the

açaí
palm fruit, which is basic to the traditional diet of the natives. In one study, açaí palm was described as the most important plant species because the fruit makes up such a major component of diet (up to 42% of the total food intake by weight) and is economically valuable in the region (Murrieta et al., 1999).

The term caboclo is also used as the term for a spirit of Indigenous origin (an ancestor or a spirit of nature) in the Afro-Brazlian religions Candomblé and Umbanda. In these religions, they are considered different from the Orishas but are nonetheless revered.

Days celebrating racial groups in Brazil

  • In Brazil, the "Day of the Caboclo" (Dia do Caboclo), observed annually on June 24, in celebration of the contributions and identity of the original caboclos and their descendants. This date is an official public holiday in the State of Amazonas.
  • "
    Brazilian states
    .
  • "
    indigenous peoples of Brazil
    .

See also

References

Citations

  1. ^ Araújo, Tereza Cristina N. "A classificação de "cor" nas pesquisas do IBGE". p. 14.
  2. ISBN 0-691-11866-3
    .
  3. ^ Lizcano, Francisco. "Composición Étnica de las Tres Áreas Culturales del Continente Americano al Comienzo del Siglo XXI" (PDF). Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, UAEM. p. 225.
  4. ^ "La etapa ibérica en el pasado de la mundialización/globalización 1492-1825". geografia.fflch.usp.br. Archived from the original on 2009-06-04. Retrieved 2024-04-10.
  5. ^ Wafer, James William. The Taste of Blood: Spirit Possession in Brazilian Candomblé. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1991, p. 55.

Books

Journal articles

  • Murrieta, R. S. S., Dufour, D. L., & Siqueira, A. D. (1999). "Food consumption and subsistence in three Caboclo populations on Marajo Island, Amazonia, Brazil," Human Ecology, 27(3), 455–475.

External links
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