Calceology
Calceology (from Latin calcei "
History of calceology
Among the early studies of footwear from European archaeological excavations, Roman period footwear figures prominently,[2][3] followed by medieval period finds.[4][5] Scientifically based research was first applied to Roman period finds[6] and later for prehistoric and primitive footwear.[7] With the development of the Goubitz notation system, the technical aspects of the recovered shoe fragments could be clearly presented, allowing researchers a coherent scientific base for leather artifact documentation and correct interpretation.[8] The interest in the history of ancient shoe fashion starts in the 17th century.[9] The interpretation of historical socio-cultural attributes shows the importance of footwear in an archaeological context.[10][11][12] The reference book for calceological studies covers the chronological span from European prehistory (Neolithic, Bronze and Iron Ages), Roman period, the Middle Ages to the 19th century.[13] Calceological studies outside of Europe address post-1600 sites on the east coast and bays of North America,[14] and the North African sites associated with the Egyptian, Roman and Coptic periods.
Methods
Preservation
Archaeological leather artifacts are preserved in stable environments, either in constantly
Examination of archaeological shoe finds
Water-logged finds generally consist of loose components since the
Most archaeological recovered leather artifacts are parts of footwear and may be combined with
See also
References
- ^ O. Goubitz “Calceology: a new hobby: the drawing and recording of archaeological footwear.” Recent Research in Archaeological Footwear, Association of Archaeological Illustrators and Surveyors, Technical Paper No. 8, 1987, pp. 1–28
- ^ L. Lindenschmit, Die Alterthümer unserer heidnischen Vorzeit Band 4, Römisch-Geranisches Zentralmuseum, Mainz 1900
- ^ J. Curle, A Roman Frontier Post and its PeopleGlasgow 1910
- ^ R. Blomqvist, "Medeltida Skor i Lund" (Medieval Shoes from Lund), Kulturen 1938, pp. 189–219
- ^ A. Gansser-Burckhardt, "Die frühzeitliche Handwerkersiedelung am Petersberg in Basel, Zeitschrift für Schweizerische Archaeologie und Kunstgeschichte 1940, pp.10–29
- ^ W. Groenman-van Waateringe, Romeins lederwerk uit Valkenburg Z.H. Groningen 1967
- ^ M. Hald,Primitive Shoes Copenhagen 1972.
- ^ O. Goubitz, 'The Drawing and Registration of Archaeological Footwear',Studies in Conservation, Volume 29, Number 4, 1984, pp. 187–196
- ^ Balsuinius, B., Nigronius, Jul.De Calceo Antiquo, De Caliga Veterum, Amsterdam 1667
- ^ W. Groenman-van Waateringe, "Society ... rests on leather", Rotterdam Papers II, A contribution to medieval archeology, Rotterdam 1975, pp.23–34
- ^ F. Grew / M. de Neergard, Shoes and PattensLondon 1988
- ^ O. Goubitz / C. van Driel-Murray / W. Groenman-van Waateringe, Stepping Through Time, Zwolle, 2001
- ^ S. Davis, "Piecing together the past: footwear and other artefacts from the wreck of a 16th-century Spanish Basque galleon", Artefacts from Wrecks, dated assemblages from the Late Middle Ages to the Industrial revolutionExeter, 1997, pp.111–120
- ^ Painter, T. J., “Chemical and Microbiological Aspects of the Preservation Process in Spagnum Peat”, in Turner, R.C., Scaife, R. G., Bog Bodies, New Discoveries and New Perspectives, British Museum Press, London, 1995, 88–99.
- ^ E. Cameron / J. Spriggs / B. Wills, "The conservation of archaeological leather.", Conservation of Leather, Oxford, 2006, pp. 244–261
- ^ Swann, J., 'Shoes Concealed in Buildings', Costume Society Journal, No. 30, 1996, pp. 56–69
- ^ W. Groenman-van Waateringe /R. Goedecker-Ciolek, "The equipment made of hide and leather", Der Mann im Eis Band 1, Innsbruck, 1992, pp. 410–418
- ^ O. Goubitz, Stepping Through Time, Zwolle, 2001. pp. 35–40.
- ^ O. Goubitz, Stepping Through Time, Zwolle, 2001, p. 91–98.
- ^ O. Goubitz, Stepping Through Time, Zwolle, 2001, p. 41–55.
- ^ C. van Driel-Murray, 'Footwear in the North-Western Provinces of the Roman Empire', Stepping Through Time, Zwolle, 2001, pp. 362–327.