Calcium-dependent chloride channel

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Calcium-activated chloride channel
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TMEM16
TCDB
1.A.17
OPM superfamily369
Membranome219
Available protein structures:
Pfam  structures / ECOD  
PDBRCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj
PDBsumstructure summary

The Calcium-Dependent Chloride Channel (Ca-ClC) proteins (or calcium-activated chloride channels (CaCCs),

suppressors.[8] These eukaryotic proteins are "required for normal electrolyte and fluid secretion, olfactory perception, and neuronal and smooth muscle excitability" in animals.[9][10]
Members of the Ca-CIC family are generally 600 to 1000 amino acyl residues (aas) in length and exhibit 7 to 10 transmembrane segments (TMSs).

Function

Tmc1 and Tmc2 (TC#s 1.A.17.4.6 and 1.A.17.4.1, respectively) may play a role in hearing and are required for normal function of cochlear hair cells, possibly as Ca2+ channels or Ca2+ channel subunits (see also family TC# 1.A.82).[11] Mice lacking both channels lack hair cell mechanosensory potentials.[12] There are 8 members of this family in humans, 1 in Drosophila and 2 in C. elegans. One of the latter two is expressed in mechanoreceptors.[13] Tmc1 is a sodium-sensitive cation channel required for salt (Na+) chemosensation in C. elegans "where it is required for salt-evoked neuronal activity and behavioural avoidance of high concentrations of NaCl".[14]

TMEM16A is over-expressed in several tumor types. The role of TMEM16A in gliomas and the potential underlying mechanisms were analyzed by Liu et al. 2014. Knockdown of TMEM16A suppressed cell proliferation, migration and invasion.[15]

The reactions believed to be catalyzed by channels of the Ca-ClC family are:[16]

Cl− (out) ⇌ Cl− (in)

and

Cations (e.g., Ca2+) (out) ⇌ Cations (e.g., Ca2+) (in)

In humans

CaCCs that are known to occur in humans include:

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The anoctamins are only expressed in eukaryotes, with 10 members in vertebrates.[7] Although all anoctamins are calcium-activated, not all members of this family are ion channels like ANO1; some are phospholipid scramblases.[7] ANO1 was the first anoctamin discovered, with three research groups independently identifying it in 2008.[7] A single protein homologue to the vertebrate anoctamins has been found in fungi and yeast, Aspergillus fumigatus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, respsectively.[7]

References

  1. S2CID 4457894
    .
  2. PMID 15709976.Closed access icon
  3. ^ "CLCA1 chloride channel accessory 1 [Homo sapiens (human)]". Gene. National Center for Biotechnology Information. 13 January 2015.
  4. ^
    S2CID 24285022
    .
  5. ^
    PMID 19783045
    .
  6. ^
    PMID 22002868.Open access icon
  7. ^
    S2CID 1396768
    .
  8. PMID 15284223
    .
  9. S2CID 52870095
    .
  10. PMID 24151904
    .
  11. PMID 23277480
    .
  12. PMID 22105175
    .
  13. PMID 20537990
    .
  14. PMID 23364694
    .
  15. PMID 24401903
    .
  16. ^ "1.A.17 The Calcium-Dependent Chloride Channel (Ca-ClC) Family". TCDB. Retrieved 16 April 2016.
  17. ^ a b "Calcium activated chloride channel". IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology. Retrieved 7 October 2015.

Further reading

As of this edit, this article uses content from "1.A.13 The Epithelial Chloride Channel (E-ClC) Family", which is licensed in a way that permits reuse under the

Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, but not under the GFDL
. All relevant terms must be followed.