Calea ternifolia
Calea ternifolia | |
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Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Asterids |
Order: | Asterales |
Family: | Asteraceae |
Genus: | Calea |
Species: | C. ternifolia
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Binomial name | |
Calea ternifolia | |
Synonyms | |
Calea zacatechichi Schltdl. |
Calea ternifolia (syn. Calea zacatechichi)[1] is a species of flowering plant in the aster family, Asteraceae. It is native to Mexico and Central America.[1] Its English language common names include bitter-grass, Mexican calea,[1] and dream herb.[2]
It is used in traditional medicine and ritual in its native range.[3]
Uses
In Mexico the plant is used as a
The
While quite bitter if brewed in hot water, the bitterness can be considerably masked by brewing with Osmanthus flowers, which have a compatible scent profile.
Chemical composition
Chemical compounds isolated from this species include flavones[8] such as acacetin[9] and sesquiterpene lactones such as germacranolides.[10] The sesquiterpenes known as caleicines and caleochromenes may be active in its effects on sleep.[2]
Legal status
While it is not a controlled substance under federal law in the United States, some states have considered it individually. Louisiana State Act 159 specifies that it is illegal to possess if it is intended for human consumption, but not if they are intended for ornamental or landscaping use. Tennessee proposed a bill that would have made this and many other plants classified as hallucinogenic illegal, but when the bill was passed only Salvia divinorum was banned.[11]
This plant was banned in Poland in March 2009.[2][12]
Nephrotoxicity
One study suggest that the herb may have some toxic properties towards kidneys (nephrotoxicity).[13]
In popular culture
American composer David Woodard, who cultivated Calea ternifolia on his San Francisco estate, composed a motet entitled "Calea Zacatechichi", which he recorded with a Hispanic choir.[14]: 34
See also
References
- ^ a b c "Calea ternifolia". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 12 December 2017.
- ^ a b c d Simonienko, K., et al. (2013). Psychoactive plant species – actual list of plants prohibited in Poland. Archived 2013-09-27 at the Wayback Machine Psychiatria Polska XLVII(3), 499–508.
- ^ a b Ferraz, A., et al. (2009). Pharmacological and genotoxic evaluation of Calea clematidea and Calea uniflora. Latin American Journal of Pharmacy 28(6), 858-62.[1]
- ^ Leonti, M., et al. (2003). Antiquity of medicinal plant usage in two Macro-Mayan ethnic groups (Mexico). Journal of Ethnopharmacology 88(2), 119-24.
- PMID 26821073.
- ^ Díaz, J. L. (1979). Ethnopharmacology and taxonomy of Mexican psychodysleptic plants. J Psychedelic Drugs 11(1-2), 71–101.
- PMID 29403350.
- ^ Mariano, M. V., et al. (1987). Thymol derivatives from Calea nelsonii. Phytochemistry 26(9), 2577-79.
- ^ Mayagoitia, L., et al. (1986). Psychopharmacologic analysis of an alleged oneirogenic plant: Calea zacatechichi. Archived 2013-09-27 at the Wayback Machine Journal of Ethnopharmacology 18(3), 229–43.
- ^ Lee, I. Y., et al. (1982). New germacranolides from Calea ternifolia and the molecular structure of 9α-Hydroxy-11, 13-Dihydro-11α, 13-Epoxyatripliciolide-8β-O-(2-Methylacrylate). Journal of Natural Products 45(3), 311-16.
- ^ Calea zacatechichi Legal Status Erowid.org. Jun 20 2006.
- ^ (in Polish) Dz.U. 2009 nr 63 poz. 520, Internetowy System Aktów Prawnych.
- PMID 27703475.
- ^ Kerekes, D., Headpress 25: William Burroughs & the Flicker Machine (Manchester: Headpress, 2003), p. 34.
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