Caliciviridae
Caliciviridae | |
---|---|
Virus classification | |
(unranked): | Virus |
Realm: | Riboviria |
Kingdom: | Orthornavirae |
Phylum: | Pisuviricota |
Class: | Pisoniviricetes |
Order: | Picornavirales |
Family: | Caliciviridae |
Genera | |
See text |
The Caliciviridae are a family of "small round structured"
Caliciviruses are not very well studied because until recently, they could not be grown in
Etymology
Calici- comes from the Latin word Calyx and the Greek word kalyx. The words mean a cup or chalice, a Calix. This comes from the strains having visible cup-shaped depressions.
Taxonomy
The following genera are recognized:[9]
- Bavovirus
- Lagovirus
- Minovirus
- Nacovirus
- Nebovirus
- Norovirus
- Recovirus
- Salovirus
- Sapovirus
- Valovirus
- Vesivirus
A number of other caliciviruses remain unclassified, including the chicken calicivirus.
Virology
All viruses in this family possess a nonsegmented, polyadenylated, positive-sense, single-strand
Life cycle
Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the host cell is achieved by attachment to host receptors, which mediate endocytosis. Replication follows the positive-stranded RNA virus replication model. Positive-stranded RNA virus transcription is the method of transcription. Translation takes place by leaky scanning, and RNA termination-reinitiation. Vertebrates serve as the natural host. Transmission routes are fecal-oral.[4]
Human disease
Calicivirus infections commonly cause moderate to severe
History
Establishing the viral etiology took many decades due to the difficulty of growing the virus in cell culture. In the 1940s and 1950s in the United States and Japan, caliciviridae could not be grown in culture, but as an experiment bacterial free filtrate of diarrhea was given to volunteers to check if viruses were present in volunteers' stool.
Animal viruses
Feline calicivirus (FCV)—a member of the Vesivirus—represents an important pathogen of cats.[citation needed]
Sapovirus, Norovirus, and Vesivirus have been detected in pigs, making this animal species of particular interest in the study of calicivirus pathogenesis and host range.[citation needed]
The first mouse norovirus, murine norovirus 1 (MNV-1), was discovered in 2003. Since then, numerous murine norovirus strains have been identified and they were assigned a new genogroup in the genus Norovirus.[citation needed]
Uses
Australia and New Zealand, in an effort to control their rabbit populations, have intentionally spread rabbit calicivirus.
References
- ^ "Caliciviridae - Caliciviridae - Positive-sense RNA Viruses - ICTV". talk.ictvonline.org. Retrieved 12 March 2021.
- PMID 31573467.
- ^ a b "ICTV Report Caliciviridae".
- ^ a b c "Viral Zone". ExPASy. Retrieved 15 June 2015.
- ^ T=1
- ^ T=3
- ^ ISBN 978-1-904455-63-9.
- ^ "Virus Taxonomy: 2019 Release". talk.ictvonline.org. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. Retrieved 30 April 2020.
- ^ a b c d Themes, U. F. O. (11 August 2016). "Caliciviridae: The Noroviruses". Basicmedical Key. Retrieved 12 March 2021.
External links
- ICTV Report: Caliciviridae
- Caliciviridae description page from the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses site
- MicrobiologyBytes: Caliciviruses
- Human caliciviruses
- Stanford University
- Virus Pathogen Database and Analysis Resource (ViPR): Caliciviridae
- Viralzone: Caliciviridae
- 3D macromolecular structures of Caliciviridae from the EM Data Bank(EMDB)
- ICTV