California State Route 91
Route information | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Maintained by Caltrans | ||||
Length | 59.047 mi[1] (95.027 km) Portions of SR 91 have been relinquished to or are otherwise maintained by local or other governments, and are not included in the length. | |||
History | 1930s as a highway; 1964 as number | |||
Tourist routes | Riverside Freeway[2] | |||
Major junctions | ||||
West end | Vermont Avenue in Gardena[3] | |||
| ||||
East end | I-215 / SR 60 in Riverside | |||
Location | ||||
Country | United States | |||
State | California | |||
Counties | Los Angeles, Orange, Riverside | |||
Highway system | ||||
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State Route 91 (SR 91) is a major east–west
Though signs along the portion from Vermont Avenue west to Pacific Coast Highway (SR 1) in Hermosa Beach along Artesia Boulevard are still signed as SR 91, the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans) no longer controls this portion of the highway, as this segment was relinquished to local jurisdictions in 2003.[3]
SR 91 inherited its route number from the mostly decommissioned
Route description
From the
SR 91 is part of the California Freeway and Expressway System,[4] and is part of the National Highway System,[5] a network of highways that are considered essential to the country's economy, defense, and mobility by the Federal Highway Administration.[6] SR 91 is part of the State Scenic Highway System from SR 55 to the east city limit of Anaheim, in the western part of the Santa Ana Canyon,[7] and is eligible for the system through the canyon to Interstate 15.[8]
Gardena Freeway
The Gardena Freeway is a
Until 1991, the Gardena Freeway was known as the Redondo Beach Freeway. The name change reflected the successful efforts of the cities of Torrance and Redondo Beach to block the extension of the freeway westward to its intended terminus at the cancelled Pacific Coast Freeway in Redondo Beach. In 1997, the California government dedicated the portion of SR 91 between Alameda Street and Central Avenue to former assemblyman Willard H. Murray Jr.
Artesia Freeway
The Artesia Freeway is a
During the 1984 Summer Olympics, a 25 km (16 mi) stretch of the highway was home to the cycling men's road team time trial event.[9]
As the only freeway to link Los Angeles, Orange, and Riverside counties, SR 91 is one of the most heavily congested routes in Southern California.
Riverside Freeway
Between the Santa Ana Freeway, Interstate 5 (I-5), in Buena Park and the 91 Freeway's eastern terminus at a junction with Interstate 215 and State Route 60 in Riverside, the 91 Freeway's assigned name is the Riverside Freeway. Past the I-215/SR 60/SR 91 junction, the Riverside Freeway continues as I-215.
The freeway through the Santa Ana Canyon is paralleled by the 91/Perris Valley Line of Metrolink. Named after SR 91, the line also connects Los Angeles to Orange and Riverside counties.
A weigh station for both directions is located between the Imperial Highway and Yorba Linda Boulevard/Weir Canyon Road exits.
In 2003, Caltrans permanently closed off the Coal Canyon Road westbound and eastbound exits and entrances for environmental purposes; however, there are still traces of unmaintained road where the former exit lay, showing evidence that the ramps still exist, available to use as runaway ramps or emergency stops. In 2015, Caltrans permanently closed off the Grand Boulevard eastbound exit and westbound entrance to accommodate the widening of the freeway. If the ramps had stayed open, more businesses and houses would have been demolished. The ramps were scrapped with the widening and there is no emergency exit.
The Riverside Freeway first opened in 1963 signed as
91 Express Lanes
The 91 Express Lanes are 18-mile (29 km)
The 91 Express Lanes consist of two primary lanes in each direction, separated from the main lanes of the Riverside Freeway with white, 3-foot-high (0.91 m), plastic lane markers (as opposed to concrete barriers or a similar solid barrier, or even just double white lines separating many other California HOT lanes). Entry and exit points for the 91 Express Lanes are only located at their west and east ends, and at the Orange–Riverside county line where the toll road originally terminated before 2017.[11]
All tolls are collected using an open road tolling system, and therefore there are no toll booths to receive cash. Each vehicle is required to carry a FasTrak transponder.[11] The 91 Express Lanes use a variable pricing system based on the time of day. The road is not truly congestion priced because toll rates come from a preset schedule and are not based on actual congestion. As of July 2022[update], the highest toll rate on the tollway, charged 2:00 pm to 3:00 pm eastbound on Fridays, is $14.24 to travel the entire length ($8.60 on the Orange County segment, plus $5.65 on the Riverside County segment).[12] The highest toll in the morning rush hour, charged 7:00 am to 7:59 am westbound Monday to Thursday, is $15.35 ($9.40 on the Riverside County segment, plus $5.95 on the Orange County segment).[12] Carpools with three or more people are charged 50 percent of the posted toll when traveling eastbound from 4:00 pm to 6:00 pm on weekdays, and travel toll-free at all other times, if they use the designated carpool lane at the toll collection points. Drivers without any FasTrak tag will be assessed a toll violation regardless of whether they qualified for the carpool discounts.[11]
A toll policy is published which states the criteria where tolls will be raised. The policy is designed to "a) reduce the likelihood of congestion by diverting traffic to other hours with available capacity; b) maintain free flow travel speed in the 91 Express Lanes; c) maintain travel time savings; d) accommodate projected growth in travel demand and; e) ensure that the toll road generates sufficient revenue to effectively operate the toll lanes and maintain a strong debt service position."[citation needed] Changes to the toll schedule require ten days notification to the public and the OCTA board. Once tolls are changed during the super peak period, they may not be changed again for six months. All tolls increase annually due to inflation.[13] Despite this, the toll lanes are generally free flowing during most peak hour conditions.[14]
History
Original US 91: Barstow to Nevada
Location | Long Beach to Nevada state line near Primm |
---|---|
Existed | 1926 | –1974
The
SR 18: former extension of US 91 through Santa Ana Canyon to Long Beach
US 91 was extended southwest to
In 1935, the state improved the alignment between Fairmont Boulevard and Gypsum Canyon Road, including a bypass of the old road, which curved along the south slope of the canyon, east of Weir Canyon Road.[39] In the late 1930s, the Prado Dam project resulted in the bypassing of a longer section, replacing Prado Road, an abandoned road curving to the east end of the dam, Pomona Rincon Road, Auto Center Drive, Pomona Road, and Yorba Street with the present Green River Road, Palisades Drive, part of SR 91, and 6th Street.[40][41]
SR 14: present SR 91 to Hermosa Beach
Before the present freeway was constructed, SR 14 ran along Gould Avenue, Redondo Beach Boulevard, Compton Boulevard, Alameda Street, Artesia Avenue, La Habra Boulevard, Firestone Boulevard and Orangethorpe Avenue.[42] In the 1964 renumbering, SR 14 was renumbered to SR 91.
Prior to 1991, the Gardena Freeway was known as the Redondo Beach Freeway, referring to
Before 1997, Caltrans controlled maintenance of SR 91 up to State Route 1 in Hermosa Beach. The portion between Vermont Avenue and Western Avenue was relinquished to Gardena in 1997. In 2003, the western portion, from SR 1 to Western Avenue, was relinquished to the cities that the road goes through.
The first segment of the freeway was built in 1965 as US 91, and the last segment was built in 1975. Despite the relinquishments, however, Artesia Boulevard between I-110 and SR 1 is still signed off as SR 91.
Construction of the 91 Express Lanes
Due to rapid population growth and the decline in the availability of affordable housing closer to job centers in Orange County, new residential development began in earnest in western Riverside County from the 1980s through today. This development is occurring in or around existing cities such as Riverside, Corona, Moreno Valley, Lake Elsinore, Murrieta, and Temecula. This development also led to the incorporation of the cities of Wildomar, Menifee, Eastvale, and Jurupa Valley.
As there are very few direct routes between Orange and Riverside counties because of the Santa Ana Mountains that separate them, the Riverside Freeway is subject to high traffic volumes, composed primarily of commuters traveling between their jobs in Orange County and their homes in Riverside County (often referred to by traffic reporters as "The Corona Crawl").[43] Typical peak period delays were 30–40 minutes in each direction in the ten miles (16 km) of the tollway before construction.[44]
Solutions to the traffic problem were limited. The chosen solution was to create a toll road in the median of the freeway. This original section of the 91 Express Lanes operated between the
In April 2002, the Orange County Transportation Authority (OCTA) reached an agreement in concept to purchase the private toll road project for $207.5 million. The OCTA took possession of the toll road on January 3, 2003, marking the first time the 91 Express Lanes was managed by public officials. Within a few months, OCTA turned the lanes into the HOT / tollway hybrid that it is today.[46] One of the primary investors in CPTC, Cofiroute USA, continues to manage and operate the lanes under a management contract with OCTA.[47]
Opening in 1995, the 91 Express Lanes was the first privately funded tollway built in the United States since the 1940s, and the first fully automated tollway in the world.
The express lanes have been controversial because of a non-compete agreement that the state made with CPTC. The clause, which was negotiated by Caltrans and never was brought to the legislature, prevented any improvements along 30 miles (48 km) of the Riverside Freeway to ensure profit for the express lanes. This includes restricting the state from widening the free lanes or building mass transit near the freeway. CPTC filed a lawsuit against Caltrans over freeway widening related to the interchange with the Eastern Transportation Corridor, which was dismissed once the purchase with OCTA was finalized.[48] Following the settlement, an additional lane was added for a 5-mile (8.0 km) segment eastbound from SR 241 to SR 71.
However, as a result of the controversy, more toll road advocates favor creating local agencies similar to transportation corridor agencies to build and maintain future tollways. New toll roads would be financed with tax-exempt bonds on a stand-alone basis, meaning that taxpayers would not be responsible for repaying any debt if toll revenues fall short. Also, there would be a less restrictive non-compete clause: they would be compensated only for any revenue loss caused by improvements near the toll roads.[49]
In the mid-2010s, the Riverside County Transportation Commission extended the 91 Express Lanes east from their previous terminus at the Orange–Riverside county line to the I-15 interchange in Corona; this extension opened to traffic on March 20, 2017.[50] Both Orange and Riverside County transportation agencies co-manage the 91 Express Lanes.[51][52]
Future
In 2005, evaluations were made about the feasibility of constructing two tunnels through the
Numerous other projects by the Orange County Transportation Authority are currently underway or in the planning phases for distant completion, some as far out as the year 2030.[55]
Exit list
Except where prefixed with a letter, postmiles were measured on the road as it was in 1964, based on the alignment that existed at the time, and do not necessarily reflect current mileage. R reflects a realignment in the route since then, M indicates a second realignment, L refers to an overlap due to a correction or change, and T indicates postmiles classified as temporary ( ).[1] Segments that remain unconstructed or have been relinquished to local control may be omitted. The numbers reset at county lines; the start and end postmiles in each county are given in the county column.
County | Location | Postmile [1][56][57][58] | Exit [59] | Destinations | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Los Angeles LA 0.00-R20.74 | Hermosa Beach–Redondo Beach line | 0.00[a] | Gould Avenue | Continuation beyond SR 1 | |
Pacific Coast Highway, Sepulveda Boulevard ) | |||||
Hawthorne Boulevard north | |||||
Hawthorne Boulevard ) | No left turn eastbound | ||||
SR 7 south; I-405 exit 40 | |||||
Los Angeles line | 6.01 | Vermont Avenue | West end of state maintenance; west end of Gardena Freeway[60] | ||
Los Angeles | No exit number eastbound; I-110 exit 10A-B northbound | ||||
Carson | R6.90 | 7A | Main Street | No westbound entrance | |
R7.43 | 7B | Avalon Boulevard | |||
Carson–Compton line | R8.44 | 8 | Central Avenue | ||
Compton | R9.16 | 9 | Wilmington Avenue | ||
R9.80 | 10A | Acacia Avenue | Eastbound exit and westbound entrance | ||
R10.27– R10.41 | 10 | Santa Fe Avenue, Alameda Street (SR 47 south) | Signed as exits 10B (Alameda Street) and 10C (Santa Fe Avenue) westbound; no westbound entrance | ||
Long Beach | R11.10 | 11 | Long Beach Boulevard | ||
R11.68 | 12A | Long Beach Freeway) – Long Beach, Pasadena | Signed as exits 12A (south) and 12B (north) eastbound; I-710 exit 8; east end of Gardena Freeway; west end of Artesia Freeway[60] | ||
R12.09 | 12B | SR 15 | |||
R13.09 | 13 | Cherry Avenue | |||
R13.59 | 14A | Paramount Boulevard | |||
Long Beach–Bellflower line | R14.10 | 14B | Downey Avenue | ||
Lakewood Boulevard ) | Signed as exit 15 eastbound | ||||
R15.11 | 15B | Clark Avenue | Westbound exit and eastbound entrance | ||
R15.61 | 16 | Bellflower Boulevard | Former Legislative Route 169 | ||
San Gabriel River Freeway ) | Signed as exit 17B westbound; I-605 exit 7A | ||||
R17.09 | 17A | Studebaker Road | Westbound exit and eastbound entrance | ||
SR 35 | |||||
Cerritos | R18.65 | 19A | Norwalk Boulevard | ||
R19.17– R19.43 | 19B | Bloomfield Avenue, Artesia Boulevard | No eastbound entrance; Artesia Boulevard not signed eastbound | ||
R19.81 | 19C | Shoemaker Avenue | Eastbound exit and eastbound entrance, both via Park Plaza Drive | ||
R20.16 | — | 183rd Street | Westbound entrance only | ||
R20.45 | 20 | Carmenita Road | Exits only; eastbound entrance is via Orangethrope Avenue; westbound entrance is via 183rd Street | ||
Orange ORA R0.00-R18.91 | La Palma–Buena Park line | R0.49– R0.85 | 21 | Orangethorpe Avenue, Valley View Street | Signed as exit 22 westbound |
Buena Park | R1.84 | 23A | Knott Avenue | ||
R2.62 | 23B | Beach Boulevard ) | |||
Buena Park–Fullerton line | R3.64 | 24 | I-5 south (Santa Ana Freeway) – Santa Ana | Eastbound exit and westbound entrance; I-5 exit 114B | |
| ♦ | I-5 south | HOV access only; eastbound exit and westbound entrance | ||
Fullerton | | East end of Artesia Freeway; west end of Riverside Freeway[60] | |||
R3.73 | 23C | Magnolia Avenue, Orangethorpe Avenue | Eastbound exit is part of exit 24; Orangethorpe Avenue not signed eastbound; provides access to I-5 southbound from the westbound 91 and to I-5 northbound from the eastbound 91 | ||
Anaheim–Fullerton line | | ♦ | I-5 north | HOV access only; westbound exit and eastbound entrance | |
R3.85 | 24 | Los Angeles | Westbound exit and eastbound entrance; I-5 exit 113C | ||
1.23 | 26 | Brookhurst Street | |||
2.23 | 27 | Euclid Street | |||
3.26– 3.51 | 28 | Harbor Boulevard, Lemon Street, Anaheim Boulevard | Harbor Boulevard was former SR 72 | ||
Anaheim | 4.26 | 29 | East Street, Raymond Avenue | ||
5.26 | 30 | State College Boulevard | Signed as exit 30A eastbound; former SR 250 | ||
| ♦ | SR 57 north | HOV access only; eastbound exit and westbound entrance | ||
6.12 | 31 | Signed as exit 30B eastbound; SR 57 exit 5 | |||
7.36 | 32 | Kraemer Boulevard, Glassell Street | Signed as exit 31 eastbound | ||
8.40 | 33 | Tustin Avenue | |||
| — | 91 Express Lanes | West end of 91 Express Lanes | ||
R9.19 | 34 | Costa Mesa Freeway) – Newport Beach | Left exit westbound; SR 55 exits 18A-B northbound | ||
| — | SR 55 south | Express Lanes access only; westbound exit and eastbound entrance | ||
R10.09 | 35 | Lakeview Avenue | |||
R11.54 | 36 | SR 90 west (Imperial Highway) | |||
Anaheim–Yorba Linda line | R14.43 | 39 | Weir Canyon Road, Yorba Linda Boulevard | ||
R15.93 | 40 | Eastern Toll Road) – Irvine | Signed as exit 41B westbound; SR 241 exit 39A-B northbound | ||
R16.40 | 41 | Gypsum Canyon Road | Signed as exit 41A westbound | ||
R17.95 | 42 | Coal Canyon Road | Closed in 2003 for environmental reasons[61] | ||
Riverside RIV R0.00-21.66 | Corona | R1.03 | 44 | Green River Road | |
R2.09 | 45 | ||||
R3.71 | 47 | Serfas Club Drive, Auto Center Drive | |||
4.16 | 48 | Maple Street, West Sixth Street | Former US 91 / SR 71 south | ||
5.38 | 49 | Lincoln Avenue | Formerly exit 49A eastbound | ||
6.02 | 49B | Grand Boulevard | Closed in 2015 due to freeway widening[62] | ||
6.34 | 50 | Main Street | Former SR 31 | ||
7.45 | — | I-15 Express Lanes | Express Lanes access only; eastbound exit and westbound entrance; exit to I-15 south express lanes opened in 2017[50] and exit to I-15 north express lanes opened in 2023[63] | ||
— | 91 Express Lanes | East end of 91 Express Lanes; opened in 2017[50] | |||
51 | San Diego | I-15 exit 96 northbound, 96A-B southbound | |||
9.18 | 53 | McKinley Street | Signed as exits 53A (south) and 53B (north) westbound | ||
Riverside | 10.81 | 54 | Pierce Street, Riverwalk Parkway | Eastbound exit and westbound entrance | |
11.10 | 55A | Magnolia Avenue | Former US 91 | ||
11.99 | 55B | La Sierra Avenue | |||
13.04 | 56 | Tyler Street | |||
14.08 | 58 | Van Buren Boulevard | |||
15.63 | 59 | Adams Street, Auto Center Drive | |||
16.65 | 60 | Madison Street | |||
17.82 | 61 | Arlington Avenue | |||
18.41 | 62 | Central Avenue, Riverside Plaza Avenue | |||
20.00 | 63 | 14th Street | |||
20.45– 20.53 | 64 | University Avenue, Mission Inn Avenue – US 60 / US 395 | |||
21.47 | 65A | Spruce Street | Eastbound exit and westbound entrance; westbound exit and entrance via Poplar Street, and eastbound exit and entrance via La Cadena Drive, demolished in 2005 due to reconstruction | ||
21.66 | 65B-C | US 91 north / US 395 ; SR 60 exit 53A; I-215 exit 34B; Riverside Freeway continues as I-215 north | |||
1.000 mi = 1.609 km; 1.000 km = 0.621 mi
|
See also
- California Roads portal
References
- ^ a b c California Department of Transportation. "State Truck Route List". Sacramento: California Department of Transportation. Archived from the original (XLS file) on June 30, 2015. Retrieved June 30, 2015.
- ^ California Department of Transportation (August 2019). "Officially Designated State Scenic Highways and Historic Parkways" (XLSX). Sacramento: California Department of Transportation. Retrieved March 27, 2019.
- ^ a b c "Article 3 of Chapter 2 of Division 1 of the California Streets and Highways Code". California Office of Legislative Counsel. February 9, 2019.
- ^ "Article 2 of Chapter 2 of Division 1". California Streets and Highways Code. Sacramento: California Office of Legislative Counsel. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
- ^ Federal Highway Administration (March 25, 2015). National Highway System: Los Angeles, CA (PDF) (Map). Scale not given. Washington, DC: Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
Federal Highway Administration (March 25, 2015). National Highway System: Riverside–San Bernardino, CA (PDF) (Map). Scale not given. Washington, DC: Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved October 8, 2017. - ^ Natzke, Stefan; Neathery, Mike & Adderly, Kevin (June 20, 2012). "What is the National Highway System?". National Highway System. Washington, DC: Federal Highway Administration. Retrieved July 1, 2012.
- ^ California Department of Transportation (August 2019). "Officially Designated State Scenic Highways and Historic Parkways" (XLSX). Sacramento: California Department of Transportation. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
- ^ "Article 2.5 of Chapter 2 of Division 1". California Streets & Highways Code. Sacramento: California Office of Legislative Counsel. Retrieved February 6, 2019.
- ISBN 978-0-9614512-0-2. Archived from the original(PDF) on November 2, 2010. Retrieved September 5, 2010.
- ^ "General Info". 91 Express Lanes. Archived from the original on August 28, 2018.
- ^ a b c "Frequently Asked Questions". 91 Express Lanes. Retrieved August 14, 2022.
- ^ a b "Toll Schedules". 91 Express Lanes. Retrieved August 14, 2022.
- ^ 91 Express Lanes (July 14, 2003). "Toll Policy". 91 Express Lanes (Orange County Transportation Authority). Archived from the original on March 7, 2011. Retrieved August 29, 2011.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^ Samuel, Peter (February 22, 2006). "California's 91XL Max Tolls Going to 85c/mile". TollRoadNews. Archived from the original on May 22, 2008.
- ^ Automobile Blue Book (1917). Automobile Blue Book. Vol. 8. Chicago: Automobile Blue Book. p. 501 – via Google Books.
- Clason Map Company (1925). Touring Atlas of the United States (Map). Clawson Map Company. Archived from the originalon September 16, 2020.
- Van Nuys News. December 21, 1923. p. 11
- ^ "Brice Canyon, Zion Canyon National Park, Utah". Los Angeles Times. December 26, 1920. p. VIII1.
- ^ Nystrom, Eric Charles (March 2003). "From Neglected Space to Protected Place: An Administrative History of Mojave National Preserve". National Park Service. Archived from the original on August 17, 2009.
- ^ "State Takes Over Cut-off to Nevada Line". Los Angeles Times. October 25, 1925. p. G12.
- ^ a b California Highway Advisory Committee & Breed, Arthur Hastings (1925). Report of a Study of the State Highway System of California. California State Printing Office. p. 97.
- ^ California State Assembly. "An act authorizing and directing the California highway commission to acquire necessary rights of way, and to construct and maintain a highway, which is hereby declared to be a state highway, extending from Barstow...to a point...on the boundary line between the state of California and the state of Nevada...which said highway is commonly known and referred to as the Arrowhead trail". Forty-sixth Session of the Legislature. Statutes of California. State of California. Ch. 369 p. 670.
- .
- .
- ^ "United States Numbered Highways". American Highways. April 1927.
- ^ "Silver Lake Cut-off to Get Federal Aid". Los Angeles Times. February 14, 1926. p. G5.
- ^ United States Geological Survey (1934). Barstow (Map). 1:125000. Reston, VA: United States Geological Survey. United States Geological Survey (1933). Avawatz Mountains (Map). 1:250000. Reston, VA: United States Geological Survey.[permanent dead link] United States Geological Survey (1942). Ivanpah (Map). 1:250000. Reston, VA: United States Geological Survey.
- ^ Rand McNally (1946). Road Atlas (Map). Chicago: Rand McNally.
- ^ Blow, Ben (1920). California Highways: A Descriptive Record of Road Development by the State and by Such Counties as Have Paved Highways. pp. 194–195, 200 – via Archive.org.
- ^ California State Assembly. "An act establishing certain additional state highways and classifying them as secondary highways". Forty-ninth Session of the Legislature. Statutes of California. State of California. Ch. 82 p. 102. "State Highway Route 43, Waterman canyon via Santa Ana canyon to Newport Beach."
- H.M. Gousha Company (1941). Los Angeles and Vicinity (Map). H.M. Gousha Company. Archived from the originalon June 29, 2011. Retrieved February 9, 2016.
- ^ a b H.M. Gousha Company (1955). Enlarged Map of the Los Angeles District (Map). H.M. Gousha Company. Archived from the original on July 26, 2011. Retrieved November 29, 2011.
- ^ National Bridge Inventory database, 2006: the bridge over Compton Creek and Alameda Street is dated 1956.[full citation needed]
- ^ California State Assembly. "An act to amend sections 2, 3 and 5 and to add two sections to be numbered 6 and 7 to an act entitled 'An act to provide for the acquisition of rights of way for and the construction, maintenance..." Fiftieth Session of the Legislature. Statutes of California. State of California. Ch. 767 p. 2040. "State Highway Route 60 near Hermosa Beach to State Highway Route 43 in Santa Ana Canyon via Artesia Avenue." "Cerritos Avenue to State Highway Route 43 near Olive via Anaheim."
- ^ California State Assembly. "An act to establish a Streets and Highways Code, thereby consolidating and revising the law relating to public ways and all appurtenances thereto, and to repeal certain acts and parts of acts specified herein". Fifty-first Session of the Legislature. Statutes of California. State of California. Ch. 29 p. 277, 278, 286. "Route 31 is from: (a) San Bernardino to the Nevada State line near Calada, via Barstow. (b) Route 26 near Colton to Route 9 near San Bernardino via Mt. Vernon Avenue." "Route 43 is from Newport Beach to Route 31 at Victorville, via Santa Ana Canyon, San Bernardino, Waterman Canyon, "Crest Drive" into Bear Valley, Big Bear Lake and Baldwin Lake. Route 43 includes a highway around Big Bear Lake." "Route 175 is from Route 60 near Hermosa Beach to Route 43 in Santa Ana Canyon via Artesia Avenue." "Route 178 is from Cerritos Avenue to Route 43 near Olive via Anaheim."
- ^ Rand McNally & Company (1933). Los Angeles & Vicinity (Map). Chicago: Rand McNally & Company. Archived from the original on July 26, 2011.
- ^ H.M. Gousha Company (1935). Los Angeles and Vicinity (Map). h.M. Gousha Company.
- ^ H.M. Gousha Company (1953). Long Beach (Map). H.M. Gousha Company. Archived from the original on October 27, 2009. Retrieved July 5, 2010.
- ^ "Old Canyon Road Now Being Improved". Los Angeles Times. April 21, 1935. p. E4.
- ^ United States Geological Survey (1933). Prado (Map). 1:31680. Reston, VA: United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original on February 9, 2012. "routes usually traveled" as of 1941
- ^ United States Geological Survey (1933). Corona and Vicinity (Map). 1:31680. Reston, VA: United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original on February 9, 2012. "routes usually traveled" as of 1941
- ^ Map of Los Angeles and Vicinity (Map). 1939.[full citation needed]
- ^ McCabe, Brian J. (October 2004). "Hot or Not: Are New Toll Lanes a Fair Price to Pay for Driving?". The Next American City. Archived from the original on February 10, 2008.
- ^ "Evaluating the Impacts of the SR 91 Variable-Toll Express Lane Facility Final Report" (PDF). May 1998. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 26, 2006.[full citation needed]
- ^ "Highway 91 Toll Lanes Turn 10". The Californian / North County Times. December 26, 2005. Retrieved September 24, 2011.
- ^ Orange County Transportation Authority (March 12, 2007). "91 Express Lanes History" (PDF). Orange County Transportation Authority. Archived from the original (PDF) on September 28, 2007. Retrieved October 9, 2014.
- ^ Orange County Transportation Authority (2007). The Amazing True Tales from the 91 Express Lanes (PDF) (Annual report). Orange County Transportation Authority. Archived from the original (PDF) on March 24, 2012.
- S2CID 154129775.
- ^ K. R. Persad; C. M. Walton; J. Wilke (October 2005). "Alternatives to Non-Compete Clauses in Toll Development Agreements" (PDF). Center for Transportation Research.
- ^ a b c "SR 91 Fast-Forward Project". Riverside County Transportation Commission. Retrieved May 26, 2017.
- ^ "91 Toll Lanes Could Be Extended to Corona". Orange Country Register. August 21, 2013. Retrieved July 9, 2015.
- ^ Weikel, Dan (August 4, 2015). "On 91 Freeway, a $2-billion effort to keep up with increasing traffic". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved June 5, 2016.
- ^ Orange County Transportation Authority & Riverside County Transportation Commission. "Irvine-Corona Expressway". Orange County Transportation Authority. Archived from the original on October 10, 2012. Retrieved October 9, 2014.
- ^ "Orange County OKs More Study of Tunnel". The Californian / North County Times. December 13, 2005. Retrieved September 24, 2011.
- ^ Orange County Transportation Authority (2008). "A Better 91". Orange County Transportation Authority. Archived from the original on February 10, 2009.
- ^ California Department of Transportation (July 2007). "Log of Bridges on State Highways". Sacramento: California Department of Transportation.
- ^ California Department of Transportation (2006). "All Traffic Volumes on CSHS". California Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on July 21, 2011.
- ^ California Department of Transportation (1999). "All Traffic Volumes on CSHS". California Department of Transportation. Archived from the original on February 9, 2012. (the last year before it was updated to remove the relinquished part)
- California Numbered Exit Uniform System. California Department of Transportation. Retrieved October 8, 2017.
- ^ a b c California Department of Transportation (2014). "Named Freeways, Highways, Structures and Other Appurtenances in California" (PDF). California Department of Transportation. Retrieved June 20, 2015.
- ^ Wilson, Janet (April 19, 2004). "Wildlife Highway Under Busy 91 Freeway Links Vital Habitats". Los Angeles Times. p. B1.
- ^ "Lincoln Avenue to Grand Boulevard".
- ^ "I-15 To 91 Interchange Express Lanes Open At Last: What To Know". Lake Elsinore-Wildomar Patch. Patch Media. Retrieved November 22, 2023.
External links
- Caltrans: State Route 91 highway conditions
- Caltrans Traffic Conditions Map
- California Highway Patrol Traffic Incidents
- 91 Express Lanes official website
- California @ AARoads - California 91
- California Highways: SR 91
- 60/91/215 Improvement Project
- California Highway 91 @ Asphaltplanet.ca