Calophyllum inophyllum
Calophyllum inophyllum | |
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Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Rosids |
Order: | Malpighiales |
Family: | Calophyllaceae |
Genus: | Calophyllum |
Species: | C. inophyllum
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Binomial name | |
Calophyllum inophyllum | |
Synonyms[3] | |
List
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Calophyllum inophyllum is a large
Names
Calophyllum inophyllum is also known as Alexandrian laurel
Description
Tree and leaves
Calophyllum inophyllum is a low-branching and slow-growing tree, it spreads with a broad and irregular crown. It usually reaches 8 to 30 m (26 to 98 ft) in height.[10] Its trunk is thick and covered with black and cracked bark.[11]
Flowers
Flowering can occur perennially, but usually two distinct flowering periods are observed twice a year, in late spring from April to June and in late autumn from October to December.[10] The flower is 25 to 30 mm (0.98 to 1.18 in) wide and occurs in racemose or paniculate inflorescences consisting of four to 15 flowers. It has a sweet fragrance which attracts many insects to pollinate it.[10]
Fruit
The fruit (the ballnut) is a round, green drupe measuring 2 to 4 cm (0.79 to 1.57 in) in diameter. When ripe, the fruit is wrinkled and its color varies from yellow to brownish-red. It has thin spongy flesh with a taste slightly like apple.[10][11]
Distribution and habitat
Calophyllum inophyllum is native to Africa in: Comoros; Kenya; Madagascar; Mauritius; Mozambique; Seychelles; Tanzania (including Pemba Island of the Zanzibar Archipelago); south, southeast and east Asia in: Bangladesh;[12][13] Cambodia; China (on Hainan); southern India; Andaman and Nicobar Islands Indonesia; Japan (Ryukyu Islands)(Bonin Islands); Malaysia; Maldives; Myanmar; Papua New Guinea; the Philippines; Sri Lanka; Taiwan; Thailand; Vietnam; the northwestern, southwestern and south central Pacific Region in: the Cook Islands; Fiji; French Polynesia (Marquesas and Society Islands); Guam; the Marshall Islands; Micronesia; the Northern Mariana Islands; Palau; and Samoa; and in Australia in: Northern Territory and Queensland.[2]
Now, it is widely cultivated in all
This tree often grows in
Uses
Shipbuilding
Mastwood is notable for its ability to grow to massive sizes in sandy or rocky beaches of island and coastal habitats, as well as its habit of sending out arching large trunks over the water where its seeds are dispersed via the currents.
Various parts of the mastwood were integral to the manufacture of
In many parts of Polynesia, mastwood groves planted in
In
Other uses
Aside from shipbuilding,
The mature fruit is poisonous enough to use as rat bait.The
The Mavilan, a Tulu-speaking tribe in north Kerala in India, use the bark to make a powder that they mix with water and apply to plants affected by a type of plant disease caused by water that they call neeru vembu.[21]
The
See also
References
- . Retrieved 19 November 2021.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Calophyllum inophyllum was first described and published in Species Plantarum 1:513. 1753. "Calophyllum inophyllum". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved 26 April 2012.
- ^ "Calophyllum inophyllum L." Plants of the World Online. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2023. Retrieved 16 July 2023.
- ^ ISBN 9781785332333.
- ISBN 9780521414210.
- ^ Kathirithamby-Wells, J. (2005). Nature and nation: Forests and Development in Peninsular Malaysia. University of Hawaii Press. p. xvi,34.
- S2CID 146739541.
- ^ https://en.bab.la/dictionary/swahili-english/mtondoo
- ^ http://swahiliproverbs.afrst.illinois.edu/experience.html cf 1861
- ^ a b c d Tan, Ria (January 2013). "Penaga laut". Wild Singapore. Retrieved 16 September 2022.
- ^ S2CID 21847865. Archived from the original(PDF) on 2019-01-19. Retrieved 18 January 2019.
- National Parks Singapore. Retrieved 6 September 2023.
- ^ "সুলতান চাঁপার নানা গুণ". www.prothom-alo.com. Archived from the original on 2017-09-07.
- ^ a b c Orwa, C.; Mutua, A.; Kindt, R.; Anthony, S. (2009). "Calophyllum inophyllum". Agroforestree Database:a tree reference and selection guide version 4.0 (PDF). World Agroforestry.
- ISBN 9781591200161.
- ^ Allen, James A. (2002). "Calophyllum inophyllum". In Vozzo, J.A. (ed.). Tropical Tree Seed Manual (PDF). Agriculture Handbook. Vol. 721. US Department of Agriculture Forest Service. pp. 357–359.
- ^ J. H. Maiden (1889). The useful native plants of Australia : Including Tasmania. Turner and Henderson, Sydney.
- ^ Alexandrian Laurel, Kamani. "Landscape Plants of America" (online ed.). plantbooks.com.
- ^ Georges M. Halpern (2002). The Healing Trail: Essential Oils of Madagascar (illustrated ed.). Basic Health Publications, Inc.
- S2CID 38062976.
- ^ Suresh, K. P. (2010). Indigenous Agricultural Practices among Mavilan Tribe in North Kerala.
External links
- Dressler, S.; Schmidt, M. & Zizka, G. (2014). "Calophyllum inophyllum". African plants – a Photo Guide. Frankfurt/Main: Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg.