Calvary (sanctuary)

A calvary, also called calvary hill, Sacred Mount, or Sacred Mountain, is a type of

Jesus Christ and takes its name after Calvary, the hill in Jerusalem where Jesus was crucified

.

These function as greatly expanded versions of the

Passion of Christ along the Via Dolorosa in Jerusalem. Each chapel contains a large image of the scene from the Passion it commemorates, sometimes in sculpture, that may be up to life-size. This kind of shrine was especially popular in the Baroque period when the Holy Land was under Turkish rule and it was difficult to make a pilgrimage

to the Mount Calvary in Jerusalem.

Calvaries were especially popular with the

Passion Week, before Easter, when large processions around the stations would be held, and mystery plays might be acted. If a calvary was established in an inhabited place, it might result in a location of a new village or town. Several villages and towns are named after such a complex.^{[citation needed}

]

Terminology

The Mount of

Roman Catholics

in particular as part of their worship and veneration of God.

The term is derived from the Latin translation in the

Golgotha

, where it was called calvariae locus, Latin for "the place of the skull".^[1]^[2] Martin Luther translated Golgatha as "skull place" (Scheddelstet). This translation is debated; at the very least it is not clear whether it referred to the shape of the hill, its use as a place of execution or burial or refers to something else.^[3]

"Calvary hill" today refers to a roughly life-size depiction of the scenes of the

stations of the cross are usually laid out on the way up to the top of the pilgrimage hill and there is often a small, remote church or chapel

located between a few dozen to several hundred metres away.

Calvary hills must not be confused with calvaries, which are a specific type of wayside monumental crucifix, a tradition mostly found in Brittany especially in the Finistère, built in parish closes between 1450 and the 17th century.

Representative examples
Multi-figure wayside monument
(Retz)
The Calvary Hill in Lend (Graz) around 1830
Calvary hill and stations of the cross chapel
(St. Radegund bei Graz)
Shrine with numerous chapels
(Graz)
Hill chapel with
stations of the cross
(Arzl bei Innsbruck
)

Park-like layout
(Cvikov)
Freely visible landscape monument on the summit
(Calvary hill near Jiřetín pod Jedlovou)
Layout at a monastery
(Krastowa Gora)

Calvaries in the world

Austria

Burgenland

Carinthia

Lower Austria

near the Aggsbach Charterhouse in Aggsbach, a village in the Wachau^[4]
in
Falkenstein
in the wine quarter
in Kirchberg am Wechsel
in Lilienfeld, largest calvary hill in Austria
in Marbach an der Donau
in Maria-Lanzendorf near Vienna
in Pillersdorf in the wine quarter
Calvary Hill, Retz
in Eggenburg
in
Zwettl

Upper Austria

Salzburg

Styria

Tyrol

Calvary Hill Chapel, Arzl, in the Innsbruck quarter of Arzl
in Kufstein
Calvary Hill, Thaur

Vienna

in Hernals

Belarus

in
Miadziel
(a small town north of Minsk (Мядзел))
in Minsk (Мінск)

Belgium

in Moresnet/Plombières^[6]
in Malmedy

Bolivia

Cerro Calvario

Canada

Oka, Québec

Croatia

Calvary Hill near Aljmaš

Germany

(in alphabetical order by place)

Calvary Hill, Ahrweiler (with Kalvarienberg Abbey), Ahrweiler, county of Ahrweiler, Rhineland-Palatinate
Calvary Hill, Aiterbach, Aiterbach, county of Freising, Bavaria
Calvary Hill Chapel, Altomünster
in Bad Kissingen
in Bad Neuenahr-Ahrweiler (as a school)
in Bad Laer
in Bad Tölz, Bad Tölz-Wolfratshausen, Bavaria
in Berchtesgaden
Calvary Hill, Bergheim, Bergheim, Rhein-Erft-Kreis, North Rhine-Westphalia
in Bidingen, county of Ostallgäu
in Birkungen (Thuringia)
in Burladingen
in
Cham (Upper Palatinate)
in Donauwörth
Calvary Hill, Dorweiler, Dorweiler, county of Düren, North Rhine-Westphalia
in Ebnath in the Oberpfalz
in
Falkenberg (Oberpfalz)
in
Fichtelberg (Oberfranken)
in Fulda
in Füssen
Calvary Hill, Greding, county of Roth, Bavaria
Calvary Hill, Füssen, county of Ostallgäu, Bavaria
in Görlitz in the Heiligen-Grab-Ensemble
Calvary Hill, Gundelsheim, Württemberg
in Immenstadt
near the Pilgrimage Church, Allerheiligen in Jettingen-Scheppach
in the pilgrimage village of Kinzweiler
Calvary Hill, Kirchenthumbach, Kirchenthumbach, county of Neustadt an der Waldnaab, Bavaria
(Klosterlechfeld see below)
in Konnersreuth
Calvary Hill, Lauterhofen, county of Neumarkt in the Oberpfalz, Bavaria
in Lenggries
in Lübeck (Jerusalemsberg)
in Marsberg
at Kreuzberg Abbey in the
Rhön
Calvary Hill, Neusath, county of Schwandorf, Bavaria
in Ostritz, Sachsen
at St. Marienthal Abbey
Calvary Hill, Parsberg, county of Neumarkt in the Upper Palatinate, Bavaria
in Peiting in Upper Bavaria
in Pfreimd
in Pillig in Rhineland-Palatinate
in Pobenhausen and also in Palling, both in Upper Bavaria
in
Possenhofen municipality of Pöcking
on Lake Starnberg

in the Devil's Cave near Pottenstein
Calvary Hill, Prüm, Eifelkreis Bitburg-Prüm, Rhineland-Palatinate
Blankenheim
Calvary Hill, Reicholzried
in Sichtigvor on the Loermund
in Stühlingen
Calvary Hill, Schwabegg, county of Augsburg, Bavaria
in Sonthofen
in Straelen on the Lower Rhine
bei Wettenhausen in the municipality of Kammeltal
in Wenigmünchen (near Munich)
in Xanten am Niederrhein
in Zell in the Wiesental chapel on the Möhrenberg
the Calvary Hill at the pilgrimage site of Klosterlechfeld in Bavaria there is not stations of the cross path, but a monument with outside staircase.