Camel urine

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A camel in Socotra
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Camel urine is a liquid by-product of metabolism in a

MERS-CoV
infections, urged people to refrain from drinking "raw camel milk or camel urine or eating meat that has not been properly cooked".

Anatomy

Camel urine comes out as a thick syrup.[2][3][4][5]

The

renal corpuscles have a smaller diameter, which reduces surface area for filtration. These two major anatomical characteristics enable camels to conserve water and limit the volume of urine in extreme desert conditions.[7]

Each kidney of an

gall bladder, an organ that requires water to function.[8] Consequently, bile flows constantly.[9]
Most food is digested and absorbed into the bloodstream from the small intestine. Any remaining liquids and roughage move into the large intestine.

Hadith

A hadith in

authentic hadith[15] also states "Some people of ‘Ukl or ‘Uraina tribe came to Medina and its climate did not suit them ... So the Prophet ordered them to go to the herd of Milch camels and to drink their milk and urine (as a medicine). ... So they went as directed and after they became healthy".[12] Bukhari also narrated, an otherwise identical version of this Hadith, without the mention of "urine".[16] The event has also been recorded in Sahih Muslim, History of the Prophets and Kings and Kitāb aṭ-ṭabaqāt al-kabīr.[17][18][19]

Indian Islamic scholar

Shaafi’e scholars for a canonical understanding of the implications. This book refers to topical application of milch camel urine as the actual word of the saying has the word Azmadu which means to apply a layer of something.[20] However, Bachtiar Nasir
, an Islamic scholar, advocated for and defended the consumption of camel urine, claiming the mixture of camel urine and milk has medicinal benefits.

Usage and research

In Yemen, camel urine is consumed and used for treating ailments, though it has been widely denounced.[13] Some salons are said to use it as a treatment for hair loss.[13] The camel urine from a virgin camel is priced at twenty dollars per liter, with herders saying that it has curative powers. It is traditionally mixed with milk.[13]

Certain preclinical studies have claimed that camel urine possesses various therapeutic advantages, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties, and even potential cardiovascular benefits. For example, in 2012, a study conducted at the Department of Molecular Oncology of King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, and published in the Journal of Ethnopharmacology, found that camel urine contains anti-cancerous agents that are cytotoxic against various, but not all, human cancer cell lines in vitro.[21]

A study published on the World Health Organization's Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal found that camel urine showed no clinical benefits in cancer patients, with two of the participants developing brucellosis.[1] Given the lack of scientific evidence supporting the use of camel urine as a traditional medicine, it is advisable to discontinue its promotion.[1]

In 2017, a joint study by King Faisal University and University of Hong Kong found that experimental infections of

dromedaries from with MERS‐CoV didn't show any evidence of virus in the urine. Therefore, the camel urine is an unlikely source of virus transmission to humans.[22][23]

See also

References

  1. ^ a b c Administrator. "Observational study and literature review of the use of camel urine for treatment of cancer patients". World Health Organization - Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean. Archived from the original on 2023-06-09. Retrieved 2023-06-08.
  2. ISBN 978-0192806819
    .
  3. ^ "Kidneys and Concentrated Urine". Temperature and Water Relations in Dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius). Davidson College. Archived from the original on February 25, 2003.
  4. ^ "Fun facts about the Camel". The Jungle Store. Archived from the original on 17 November 2012. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
  5. ^ Fedewa, Jennifer L. (2000). "Camelus bactrianus". Animal Diversity Web. University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. Archived from the original on 26 May 2013. Retrieved 4 December 2012.
  6. ^ "Morphometric analysis of heart, kidneys and adrenal glands in dromedary camel calves". Journal of Camel Practice and Research. 14 (1): 27. Archived from the original on 2017-03-04. Retrieved 2017-03-03.
  7. ^ Rehan S and AS Qureshi, 2006. Microscopic evaluation of the heart, kidneys and adrenal glands of one-humped camel calves (Camelus dromedarius) using semi automated image analysis system. J Camel Pract Res. 13(2): 123
  8. PMID 13044660
    .
  9. ISBN 0-87605-606-0
    .
  10. Encyclopedia of the Quran
  11. ^ "Bukhari 76:9". Archived from the original on 2021-07-09. Retrieved 2021-07-08.
  12. ^ a b Muhammad al-Bukhari. "Sahih al-Bukhari 233". Sunnah.com. Archived from the original on 2020-09-28.
  13. ^
    VICE News. Archived
    from the original on 28 September 2019. Retrieved 28 September 2019.
  14. ^ "Error404". Archived from the original on 2022-09-14. Retrieved 2022-09-14.
  15. arabnews.com Doubts Concerning a Hadith Archived 2021-08-27 at the Wayback Machine
    , 18 August 2003
  16. ^ "Bukhari 76:8". Archived from the original on 2021-07-09. Retrieved 2021-07-07.
  17. ^ The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences. Jointly published by the Association of Muslim Social Scientists; International Institute of Islamic Thought. 2007. Archived from the original on 2023-10-24. Retrieved 2021-07-05.
  18. ^ "Sahih Muslim - Book of Oaths, Muharibin, Retaliation, and Blood Money". muflihun.com. Archived from the original on 2021-02-06. Retrieved 2021-02-01.
  19. ^ "Sahih Muslim 1671a - Book 28, Hadith 12". Archived from the original on 2021-07-09. Retrieved 2021-07-05.
  20. ^ "An Anthology of Reformative Articles".
  21. PMID 22922085. Archived
    from the original on 2016-07-13. Retrieved 2021-01-23.
  22. PMID 26256102
    .
  23. PMID 25418529
    .
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