Camposipterus
Camposipterus | |
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C. nasutus holotype | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Chordata |
Order: | †Pterosauria |
Suborder: | †Pterodactyloidea |
Clade: | † Ornithocheiriformes
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Clade: | †Ornithocheirae |
Clade: | †Targaryendraconia |
Family: | †Cimoliopteridae |
Genus: | †Camposipterus Rodrigues & Kellner, 2013 |
Type species | |
†Ornithocheirus nasutus Seeley, 1870
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Species | |
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Synonyms | |
List of synonyms
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Camposipterus is a genus of pterodactyloid pterosaur from the Early Cretaceous of England. Fossil remains of Camposipterus dated back to the Early Cretaceous, about 112 million years ago.[1]
Discovery and naming
In 1869,
The holotype, CAMSM B 54556, had been found in a layer of the Cambridge Greensand dating from the Cenomanian but probably containing reworked fossils from the older Albian. It consists of the front part of a snout.[1]
Rodrigues & Kellner in 2013 moved two more species to the genus. They renamed Pterodactylus sedgwickii into Camposipterus(?) sedgwickii and Ornithocheirus colorhinus into Camposipterus(?) colorhinus. The question marks indicate the uncertainty of the authors about the correctness of the move.[1]
Pterodactylus sedgwickii had in 1859 been named by Richard Owen based on specimen CAMSM B54422, the front part of a snout from the Cambridge Greensand. Its specific name honors Adam Sedgwick.[6] It was in 1869 renamed by Seeley into a Ptenodactylus sedgwickii,[2] and in 1870 into a Ornithocheirus sedgwickii.[3] In 1874, Owen again renamed it into Coloborhynchus sedgwickii.[7] Owen in 1859 also referred a front of the lower jaws, specimen CAMSM B54421. However, this piece is not of the same individual as the holotype and there is no proof for any connection with Pterodactylus sedgwickii.[1]
In 1869, Seeley also named a Ptenodactylus colorhinus,[2] in 1870 an Ornithocheirus colorhinus based on the syntypes CAMSM B54431 and CAMSM B54432, both front snouts from the Cambridge Greensand. Its specific name means "with a docked nose" from the Greek κόλος, kolos, "docked", and ῥίς. rhis, "nose".[3] In 2001, Unwin considered this species to be a junior synonym of Anhanguera cuvieri.[4] However, this was not accepted by Rodrigues & Kellner, who, rejecting any identity between the Brazilian and English pterosaur material, named a separate Cimoliopterus cuvieri.[1]
Description
Camposipterus as a clade
Rodrigues & Kellner treated Camposipterus as a group or
Each of the species of Camposipterus has its own unique derived traits,
Camposipterus nasutus
Rodrigues & Kellner established two autapomorphies of Camposipterus nasutus. At the front of the jaw edge there is a density of three teeth per 3 centimeters (1.2 in), at the rear a density of 2.5 teeth. The snout tip is flat, in front view wider than tall. There is a unique combination of traits: the upper profile of the snout is straight or lightly curved; the midline ridge on the palate is extended forwards until the level of the rear margins of the second tooth pair; to the rear the distance between the teeth gradually increases; the second and third tooth pairs are obliquely pointed sideways; the front of the snout is slightly expanded.[1]
Camposipterus(?) sedgwickii
Rodrigues & Kellner established two autapomorphies of Camposipterus(?) sedgwickii. The expanded section of the front snout is suddenly constricted behind the third tooth pair. The tooth sockets of the third tooth pair are much larger than those of the fourth pair. There is a unique combination of traits: the snout is deep; the midline ridge on the palate towards the front reaches a position behind the third tooth pair.[1] This species was reassigned to the genus Aerodraco in 2020.[8]
Camposipterus(?) colorhinus
Rodrigues & Kellner established a single autapomorphy of Camposipterus(?) colorhinus: the depression above the first tooth pair is obliquely directed to below. There is a unique combination of traits: the frontal expansion of the snout is well-developed, without a constriction at its end; there is a depression above the first tooth pair; the second and third tooth sockets have a large diameter; the fourth tooth socket is much smaller than the second and third.[1]
Camposipterus(?) colorhinus has a robust snout tip forming a large rosette to catch slippery prey such as fishes, indicating an animal of considerable size. The depression above the first tooth pair is shared with Uktenadactylus wadleighi, but in this form the depression is horizontally oriented. Seeley speculated that it was the attachment area for a lip but pterosaurs had horny beaks.[1]
Phylogeny
Rodrigues and Kellner assigned Camposipterus to the
Topology 1: Jacobs et al. (2019).[9]
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Topology 2: Pêgas et al. (2019).[10]
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See also
References
- ^ PMID 23794925.
- ^ a b c Seeley, H.G., 1869, Index to the fossil remains of Aves, Ornithosauria, and Reptilia, from the Secondary System of Strata arranged in the Woodwardian Museum of the University of Cambridge. Deighton, Bell and Co., Cambridge, xxiii + 143 pp
- ^ a b c Seeley, H.G., 1870, The Ornithosauria: an elementary study of the bones of pterodactyls, made from fossil remains found in the Cambridge Upper Greensand, and arranged in the Woodwardian Museum of the University of Cambridge. Deighton, Bell, and Co., Cambridge, xii + 135 pp
- ^ .
- ^ Earlier the name "Camposia" had been considered, still appearing in some diagrams of the naming article, but this was preoccupied by the grasshopper Camposia Bolívar 1909
- ^ Owen, R., 1859, Monograph on the fossil Reptilia of the Cretaceous formations. Supplement no. I. Palaeontographical Society, London, 19 pp
- ^ Owen, R., 1874, Monograph on the fossil Reptilia of the Mesozoic Formations. Palaeontographical Society, London, 14 pp
- .
- ^ S2CID 134439172.
- ^