Canada in NATO

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Canada-NATO relations
Map indicating locations of NATO and Canada

NATO
Canada

Canada has been a member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) since its inception in 1949.[1]

Ambassadors

Main article: List of permanent representatives of Canada to NATO

History

Canada is a principal initiator (founding country) of the alliance.

Atlanticist outlook was a marked break with Canada's pre-war isolationism
, and was the first peacetime alliance Canada had ever joined.

Canadian officials such as

great powers (principally at the time France, but later including West Germany), where Canada had to choose sides.[2] This had long been the overriding goal of Canadian foreign policy
.

The main Canadian contribution to the North Atlantic Treaty was Article 2 which committed members to maintain a "free" political system and to promote economic cooperation, in addition to the more usual diplomatic and military matters.[2] Trans-Atlantic unity in political and economic matters has not come to fruition, as European states have looked toward the European Union and its antecedents while North America had the North American Free Trade Agreement, later superseded by United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement.

Canada has stationed troops in Germany (at Kaiserslautern) since 1951.[3] During the 1950s Canada was one of the largest military spenders in the alliance and one of the few not receiving direct aid from the United States.[4]

The costs of maintaining forces in Europe combined with those defending its own vast territory and participation in the Korean War caused strain on the Canadian budget during the 1950s.[5]

In 1969 then Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau withdrew half of Canada's forces in Europe, even as many leftist intellectuals and peace activists called for a complete withdrawal from NATO.[6]

With the success of the Canadian participation in the Suez Crisis, with the United Nations Peacekeeping Force in Cyprus and on other UN peacekeeping missions like the United Nations Assistance Mission for Rwanda, United Nations Operation in Somalia I and Unified Task Force United Nations Operation in Somalia II or the four-year commitment to United Nations Angola Verification Mission II, perception in the 1990s evolved into the feeling that the forces had shifted from conventional warfighting to peacekeeping missions.[7]

The bulk of Canada's military was focused on the less-glamorous NATO mission in Germany, where there remained a brigade group and an air division. In all, over 5,000 soldiers at any given time were deployed until 1993, when the remaining Canadian troops were withdrawn from Europe by the government of Brian Mulroney following the end of the Cold War. The peace dividend was spent elsewhere than on the military.[8]

Given the small size of Canada's military, most contributions to NATO were political but, during NATO's 1999

CF-18 jets were involved in the bombing of Yugoslavia
.

Since it began in 2001 Canadian troops were part of the NATO-led mission in Afghanistan, ISAF.

In March 2011, the

Canadian Forces participated in NATO-led UN missions in Libya
.

In 2019 it came to light that Canadian governments of the 21st century have been relative lightweights in the Alliance.[9]

References

  1. ISBN 978-0-8108-6899-1
    . Retrieved November 22, 2011.
  2. ^ a b c NATO: When Canada Really Mattered by Norman Hillmer in The Canadian Encyclopedia
  3. ^ Isabel Campbell, Unlikely Diplomats: The Canadian Brigade in Germany, 1951-64 (2013).
  4. ISBN 978-0-17-650343-7
    . Retrieved November 22, 2011.
  5. ISBN 978-0-7735-3043-0
    . Retrieved November 22, 2011.
  6. ISBN 978-0-7735-0955-9
    . Retrieved November 22, 2011.
  7. ISBN 978-0-89206-444-1
    . Retrieved November 22, 2011.
  8. ISBN 978-0-7546-7039-1
    . Retrieved November 22, 2011.
  9. JSTOR 27066347
    .

Further reading

External links
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