Candida (fungus)
PMID 33028600. . (February 2022) |
Candida | |
---|---|
Candida albicans at 200× magnification | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Fungi |
Division: | Ascomycota |
Class: | Saccharomycetes |
Order: | Saccharomycetales |
Family: | Saccharomycetaceae |
Genus: | Candida Berkh. (1923) |
Type species | |
Candida vulgaris Berkh. (1923)
|
Candida is a
The genus Candida encompasses about 200 species.[2] Many species are harmless commensals or endosymbionts of hosts including humans. When mucosal barriers are disrupted or the immune system is compromised, however, they can invade and cause disease, known as an opportunistic infection.[3] Candida is located on most mucosal surfaces and mainly the gastrointestinal tract, along with the skin.[3] Candida albicans is one of the most commonly isolated species and can cause infections (candidiasis or thrush) in humans and other animals. In winemaking, some species of Candida can potentially spoil wines.[4]
Many species are found in
The genome of several Candida species has been sequenced.[8]
Biology
When grown in a laboratory, Candida appears as large, round, white or cream (albicans means "whitish" in Latin) colonies, which emit a yeasty odor on agar plates at room temperature.[13] C. albicans ferments glucose and maltose to acid and gas, sucrose to acid, and does not ferment lactose, which helps to distinguish it from other Candida species.[14]
Recent molecular
Some species of Candida use a non-standard
Pathogen
Candida are almost universal in low numbers on healthy adult skin[14] and C. albicans is part of the normal flora of the mucous membranes of the respiratory, gastrointestinal and female genital tracts. The dryness of skin compared to other tissues prevents the growth of the fungus, but damaged skin or skin in intertriginous regions is more amenable to rapid growth.[19]
Overgrowth of several species, including C. albicans, can cause infections ranging from superficial, such as
Applications
C. albicans has been used in combination with
Species
Among Candida species, C. albicans, which is a normal constituent of the
Other Candida species, such as
- C. albicans
- C. ascalaphidarum
- C. amphixiae
- C. antarctica
- C. argentea
- C. atlantica
- C. atmosphaerica
- C. auris
- C. blankii
- C. blattae
- C. bracarensis
- C. bromeliacearum
- C. carpophila
- C. carvajalis[28]
- C. catenulata
- C. cerambycidarum
- C. chauliodes
- C. corydali
- C. crusei
- C. dosseyi
- C. dubliniensis
- C. ergatensis
- C. fructus
- C. glabrata
- C. fermentati
- C. guilliermondii
- C. haemulonii
- C. humilis
- C. insectamens
- C. insectorum
- C. intermedia
- C. jeffresii
- C. kefyr
- C. keroseneae
- C. krusei
- C. lipolytica[29]
- C. lusitaniae
- C. lyxosophila
- C. maltosa
- C. marina
- C. membranifaciens
- C. mogii
- C. oleophila
- C. oregonensis
- C. parapsilosis
- C. quercitrusa
- C. rhizophoriensis
- C. rugosa
- C. sake
- C. sharkiensis
- C. shehatea
- C. temnochilae
- C. tenuis
- C. theae[30]
- C. tolerans
- C. tropicalis
- C. tsuchiyae
- C. sinolaborantium
- C. sojae
- C. subhashii
- C. viswanathii
- C. ubatubensis
- C. utilis
- C. zemplinina
References
- PMID 21178472.
- ^ from the original on 2024-02-23. Retrieved 2023-02-04.
- ^ PMID 20927595.
- ISBN 978-0387333496.
- PMID 21123633.
- PMID 18333508.
- PMID 17986254.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-904455-13-4.
- PMID 3320372.
- ^ Steckelberg, James M. (2012-09-18). "Male yeast infection: Can I get it from my girlfriend?". Mayo Clinic. Archived from the original on 2023-06-07. Retrieved 2014-03-23.
- ^ "Yeast Infections". MedlinePlus. Archived from the original on 2014-04-01. Retrieved 2014-03-23.
- PMID 31414611.
- ^ "Candida species". DoctorFungus.org. Archived from the original on 2007-02-08. Retrieved 2007-02-09.
- ^ ISBN 978-0-87041-151-9.
- ^ PMID 17121679.
- PMID 26410375.
- ^ "CGD Help: Non-standard Genetic Codes". Candida Genome Database. Archived from the original on 1 November 2018. Retrieved 1 May 2015.
- ^ S2CID 13575999.
- ^ ISBN 9780323044752.
- PMID 2231671.
- ^ "Yeast Infections (Candidiasis) in Men and Women". WebMD. 2012-11-12. Archived from the original on 2012-08-19. Retrieved 2014-03-23.
- PMID 26858961.
- S2CID 26949825.
- PMID 28809155.
- PMID 17021085.
- PMID 29167291.
- ^ "Efficacy of Candida oleophila strain 128 in preventing Penicillium Expansum infection in apricot fruit". Acta Horticulturae. 485: 141–148. 1999. Archived from the original on 2018-11-06. Retrieved 2006-11-17.
- PMID 19459983.
- PMID 37107053.
- PMID 22088606.
External links
- Labs working on Candida
- The dictionary definition of Candida at Wiktionary