Cannabis and time perception

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The effect of cannabis on time perception has been studied with inconclusive results.[1] Studies show consistently throughout the literature that most cannabis users self-report the experience of a slowed perception of time.[2][3] In the laboratory, researchers have confirmed the effect of cannabis on the perception of time in both humans and animals.[4] Studies have sought to explain how cannabis changes the internal clock. Matthew et al. (1998) looked at the cerebellum, positing a relationship between cerebellar blood flow and the distortion of time perception.[5]

Psychoactive effects

Reports of the

Les Paradis Artificiels (1860), a work by Charles Baudelaire. French physician Jacques-Joseph Moreau studied the effects of cannabis with the help of Gautier and other artists who experimented with hashish in the Club des Hashischins.[6] Moreau published his findings in Hashish and Mental Illness: Psychological Studies (1846), noting that hashish caused "errors of time and space" and "time dragging".[7]

Later, in 1958, South African physician Frances Ames studied the effects of cannabis extract, noting the "disordered time perception" experienced by her subjects where "brief periods seemed immensely long".[8] American poet Allen Ginsberg's "First Manifesto to End the Bringdown" (1966) noted that "the vast majority all over the world who have smoked the several breaths necessary to feel the effect, adjust to the strangely familiar sensation of Time slow-down."[9] American physician Jerome Groopman of Harvard Medical School, reported that the "perception of time is altered, generally with perceived time faster than clock time" in people who have ingested cannabis.[10] Multiple review studies have confirmed these reports.[11][1]

In music

Most notably, cannabis has had a long association among musicians and the music industry.

social pharmacology and music therapy.[14][15][16]

See also

References

  1. ^
    PMID 22716134
    .
  2. ISBN 9780739131619. Archived
    from the original on 2023-04-20. Retrieved 2023-04-20.
  3. PMID 14660135
    .
  4. PMID 12764049
    .
  5. PMID 23863631
    .
  6. ISBN 9780199881437
    .
  7. ISBN 0396083994
    .
  8. ISBN 0396083994
    .
  9. ^ Ginsberg A (November 1966). "The Great Marijuana Hoax: First Manifesto to End the Bringdown". Atlantic Monthly. pp. 104, 107–112. Archived from the original on 26 June 2017. Retrieved 27 April 2017. (part two of article Archived 2021-03-01 at the Wayback Machine)
  10. ^ Groopman, Jerome. (February 20, 2014). Marijuana: The High and the Low Archived 2014-08-14 at the Wayback Machine. The New York Review of Books. Retrieved August 9, 2014.
  11. ^ Chait LD, Pierri J (1992). "Effects of smoked marijuana on human performance: a critical review". Marijuana/Cannabinoids: Neurobiology and Neurophysiology. 387: 423.
  12. ^ "Music: The Weed, Teenage". www.druglibrary.org. 19 July 1943. Archived from the original on 29 April 2017. Retrieved 27 April 2017.
  13. ISBN 951-98789-1-2
  14. ISBN 9781843103738. Archived
    from the original on 2023-04-20. Retrieved 2017-04-27.
  15. ISBN 9781843101406. Archived
    from the original on 2023-04-20. Retrieved 2017-04-27.
  16. ISBN 9781409084891. Archived
    from the original on 2023-04-20. Retrieved 2017-04-27.

Further reading
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