Cantal

Coordinates: 45°2′N 3°6′E / 45.033°N 3.100°E / 45.033; 3.100
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

Cantal
From top down, left to right: Château de Réghaud in Sénezergues, Rhue River, Truyère River, Cheylade
Communes
246
^1 French Land Register data, which exclude estuaries and lakes, ponds and glaciers larger than 1 km2

Cantal (French pronunciation:

Saint-Flour (the episcopal see) and Mauriac; its residents are known as Cantalians (French: Cantaliens / Cantaliennes or Cantalous / Cantaloues). Cantal borders the departments of Puy-de-Dôme, Haute-Loire, Aveyron, Lot, Lozère and Corrèze, in the Massif Central
natural region.

Along with neighbouring Lozère and Creuse, Cantal is among the most sparsely populated and geographically isolated departments of France and Aurillac is the departmental capital farthest removed from a major motorway. It had a population of 144,692 in 2019,[3] making it the country's 98th most populated department. Of the 96 metropolitan departments, it is the fifth least populated.

Etymology

The department is named for the Plomb du Cantal, the central peak of the bare and rugged mounts of Cantal (French: Monts du Cantal) mountain chain which traverses the area.[4]

Geography

The Dordogne river in Cantal
Pas de Peyrol

Cantal lies in the middle of France's central plateau.[5] The Cantal range is a group of extinct and eroded volcanic peaks. Its highest point is the Plomb du Cantal, which reaches an elevation of 1,858 meters (6,096 ft).[6] Its neighbors are Puy Mary (elev. 1,787 meters or 5,863 feet) and Puy Chavaroche (elev. 5,722 feet or 1,744 meters). To their north lie the Cézallier and Dore ranges and the arid Artense Plateau. Immediately to their east is the fertile Planèze Plateau, bound on its east by the Monts de la Margeride.[5]

The principal rivers are the Alagnon, which is a tributary to the Allier; the Celle and Truyère, tributary to the Lot; and the Cère and Rhue, tributary to the Dordogne.[4] At an elevation of 250 meters (820 ft) above sea level, the low point of the province lies in the Lot valley.[citation needed] The Truyère valley skirts the Planèze on the south and divides it from the Monts d'Aubrac, whose foothills include the thermal springs of Chaudesaigues. The western area of the department consists of grassy plateaus and river valleys.[5]

At first, Cantal was divided into four

arrondissements—Aurillac, Mauriac, Saint-Flour and Murat (later merged with Saint-Flour).[4][5]

Climate

The climate of the department varies considerably.[4] Prevailing winds and mountain ranges divide Cantal into four climatic zones:

  • The west is subject to oceanic winds which bring rains.
  • The mountains of the Cantal and the Cézallier create a rain shadow: it rains and snows quite often.
  • The Planèze of Saint-Flour and the region of Massiac receive less precipitation, owing to winds coming from the north and south.
  • The plateaux of the Margeride and the Aubrac have harsh winters and pleasant summers.
Puy Griou in the winter season

Generally, the weather is mild and dry in the alluvial plain between Murat and Saint-Flour and around Aurillac, while summer storms and winters can be long and severe in the northern and central areas.[4] The west—nearer precipitation coming in from the Atlantic—is well watered.[citation needed] There is abundant snowfall which can remain up to six months on the mountaintops. Winter temperatures can fall to below −15 °C (5 °F), whereas in summer 25 °C (77 °F) is often reached. The southern part of the department, on its borders with Aveyron and Lot, is the hottest region. Aurillac averaged 2080 hours of sunlight per year over the period from 1991 to 2000. Fog is rare and disappears quickly. Wind is usually not very strong, but the lightning flashes in this department are among the most spectacular in France.

Televised French weather forecasts often note Aurillac as the coldest city in France in the mornings. This status should be understood in light of their derivation from temperature readings by Météo-France. Of the 30 cities included on its maps, Aurillac is by far the one with the highest altitude, at 640 m (2,100 ft) above sea level.

Principal towns

The most populous commune is Aurillac, the prefecture. As of 2019, there are 5 communes with more than 3,000 inhabitants:[3]

Commune Population (2019)
Aurillac 25,593
Saint-Flour 6,458
Arpajon-sur-Cère 6,279
Ytrac 4,335
Mauriac 3,498

History

The area of Cantal was historically part of the

Haute-Auvergne (Haute-Auvergne).[4][5]

Cantal is one of the original 83 departments created during the

First World War, it comprised parts of the XIII. Army Corps military region and the Clermont-Ferrand educational division (académie).[5]

Diocese of Cantal

After the 1790

Diocese of Saint-Flour in Cantal (whose bishop refused to swear the republican oath of allegiance, constituting a schism from Rome) was among the almost half of the French sees being abolished to realign the new bishoprics to coincide with the new departments, such as Cantal, where outsider parish priest Anne-Alexandre-Marie Thibault was elected Bishop. It was formally abolished in turn after the Napoleonic Concordat of 1801
(Thibault refusing to resign), in favor of the reinstated bishopric of Saint Poul, but actually retained the departemental borders.

Economy

Aubrac cattle on the Plomb du Cantal

The climate being generally too cool and damp for grain, much of Cantal is given over to

Traditionally, many Cantalians roamed France during the year plying humble trades[4][5] but now the area's relative lack of industry and development permits tourism. An area has been set aside as the Auvergne Volcanos Regional Park (Parc Regional des Volcans d’Auvergne).

Demographics

The Occitan language was historically spoken in Cantal.

The official population count for 2019 was 144,692.[3] It peaked at 262,117 in 1836, and has been below 200,000 since the First World War. Like many of the country's rural departments, Cantal experienced a marked decrease in population throughout the twentieth century as agricultural wages failed to keep pace with those available in the industrialising regions. The department falls within the band of low-density population known as the empty diagonal.

Population development since 1791:

Historical population
YearPop.±% p.a.
1791239,972—    
1801220,304−0.85%
1806251,436+2.68%
1821252,100+0.02%
1831258,594+0.25%
1841257,423−0.05%
1851253,329−0.16%
1861240,523−0.52%
1872231,867−0.33%
1881236,190+0.21%
1891239,601+0.14%
1901230,511−0.39%
1911223,361−0.31%
1921199,402−1.13%
YearPop.±% p.a.
1931193,505−0.30%
1936190,888−0.27%
1946186,843−0.21%
1954177,065−0.67%
1962172,977−0.29%
1968169,330−0.35%
1975166,549−0.24%
1982162,838−0.32%
1990158,723−0.32%
1999150,778−0.57%
2010148,162−0.16%
2016145,969−0.25%
2019144,692−0.29%
source:[8][9]

Tourism

Architecture

Hôtel de préfecture du Cantal

The department counts several remarkable buildings. Among them, the Romanesque religious buildings like the churches of

archdiocese of Bourges—is the 15th-century St Pierre de St-Flour,[5] erected in the Gothic style
.

Festivals

Art

The characteristic folk dance in Cantal is La Bourrée. In the countryside it would be danced in folk costumes with accompaniment by accordion. The dance form was long ago adapted for use in courtly music and features prominently in the

dance suites
of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries.

Prominent museums in Cantal include:

  • Museum of Art and Arqueologia, Aurillac (34,100 visitors/year)
  • The House of Fauna, Murat (23,500 visitors/year)
  • Museum of the Géothermia, Chaudes-Aigues (20,600 visitors/year)
  • Museum of the Volcanos, Aurillac (20,100 visitors/year)
  • Museum of the ray, Marcenat (11,500 visitors/year)
  • Museum of the "Haute Auvergne",
    Saint-Flour
    (11,100 visitors/year)
  • The House of the Chestnut Mourjou (5,200 visitors/year)
  • Museum of Georges Pompidou, Montboudif (3,500 visitors/year)
  • Museum of the Accordion in Siran
  • Museum of Agriculture in Auvernia, Coltines

Cuisine

The traditional articles of Cantalian cuisine were rye, buckwheat, and chestnuts,[4] as well as ham, cheese, and vegetables. The area's simple recipes were designed to satisfy hill farmers and herders. Notable dishes include:[citation needed]

  • Aligot (also in Aveyron): Creamed potatoes, cheese (fresh tomme), butter, fresh cream and a little garlic.
  • Truffade: Potatoes in slices with cheese (fresh tomme) and a little garlic.
  • Pounti: A cake made with dough of wheat black flour, herbs, lard, prunes and Swiss chard.
  • The typical cheese Cantal, which can be chosen young, old or "entre-deux".

Outdoor activities

In the 19th century, the hills and valleys abounded with game and the streams with fish, the countryside producing a "vast variety" of aromatic and medicinal plants.[4]

At present, the most visited places are Puy Mary, the Plomb du Cantal, the village of Salers, and the gorges of the Truyère (with the Garabit viaduct, the castle of Alleuze, and the towns of Boisset, Pierrefort). The Parc Naturel des Volcans d’Auvergne features several inactive volcanoes. Cantal also has numerous castles. Puy Mary can be accessed by car easily. and is accessible to hikers. It is also possible to hike to the nearby Puy de Peyre-Arse (1806 m). Le Lioran or Super-Lioran are the best places to start the hike. Le Lioran is accessible by rail or bus and Super-Lioran is just a kilometre away from Le Lioran. From Super-Lioran it is also possible to hike to Plomb du Cantal. There is also an option of taking the cable car to Plomb du Cantal from Super-Lioran. Super-Lioran tourist office has various hike routes in the region.[10] There are also various adventure courses, dirt bikes, summer luges etc. that run in Super-Lioran.

Among the various activities offered in this department, the "Massif Cantalien" can be discovered through walking, horseback riding or mountain biking excursions (tracks are especially designed for this). Aquatic sports are also common, due to numerous lakes. The department also offers activities such as mountaineering, canoeing and fishing. The landscape also allows the practice of free flight:

base jumpers frequent the sector around the Puy Mary and the Brezon valley.[citation needed
]

Thanks to its terrain, Cantal can count on a good snow level, which allows winter sports. The station of Le Lioran, largest ski-resort of the Massif Central offers alpine skiing (with specific adaptations for snowboard) and ice-skating. Excursions in snow shoes are also possible. The department has several hundred kilometres of cross-country skiing tracks.

Politics

This staunchly

anti-clerical and Radical
, has some left-wing support.

The current president of the

).

Paul Doumer, French president from May 1931 to May 1932, was born in Aurillac in this department.

Party seats
Union for a Popular Movement 13
Socialist Party 5
Miscellaneous Right
5
Miscellaneous Left
3
MoDem 1

Current National Assembly Representatives

Constituency Member[11] Party
Cantal's 1st constituency Vincent Descœur The Republicans
Cantal's 2nd constituency Jean-Yves Bony The Republicans

Notes

  1. ^ "Répertoire national des élus: les conseillers départementaux". data.gouv.fr, Plateforme ouverte des données publiques françaises (in French). 4 May 2022.
  2. ^ "Téléchargement du fichier d'ensemble des populations légales en 2021". The National Institute of Statistics and Economic Studies. 28 December 2023.
  3. ^ a b c Populations légales 2019: 15 Cantal, INSEE
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l EB (1878).
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j EB (1911).
  6. ^ "Auvergne | History, Culture, Geography, & Map". Encyclopedia Britannica.
  7. ^ "Specialities", Cantal Tourisme (in French), archived from the original on 21 January 2014, retrieved 17 July 2011
  8. ^ "Historique du Cantal". Le SPLAF.
  9. ^ "Évolution et structure de la population en 2016". INSEE.
  10. ^ "Accueil ETE, Le Lioran station chaine des volcans d'Auvergne, été hiver, randonnées séjours en Auvergne". www.lelioran.com.
  11. ^ Vos deputes (search 'Cantal') www.assemblee-nationale.fr Accessed 22 January 2022

See also

References

Attribution:

External links

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