Canton of Neuchâtel
Republic and Canton of Neuchâtel
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Anthem: Hymne Neuchâtelois ("The Neuchâtelois anthem") | |
Joined | 1815 |
Languages | French |
Website | www |
The Republic and Canton of Neuchâtel (
History
County of Neuchâtel
County (Principality) of Neuchâtel | |||||||||||
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1034–1848 | |||||||||||
Status |
| 1815 1848 | |||||||||
• Neuchâteloise revolution | 1 March 1848 | ||||||||||
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Today part of | Switzerland |
The only part of present-day
Their heiress,
The French preacher
Frederick I and his successors ruled the Principality of Neuchâtel (German: Fürstentum Neuenburg) in personal union with Prussia from 1708 until 1806 and again from 1814 until 1857.
Name | Reign |
---|---|
Ulrich I de Fenis | 1034–1070 |
Mangold I | 1070–1097 |
Mangold II | ?–1144 |
Rudolph I | ?–1148 |
Ulrich II | 1148–1191 |
Rudolph II | 1191–1196 |
Berthold I | 1196–1259 |
Ulrich III | 1191–1225 |
Berthold I | 1159–1263 |
Rudolph III | 1259–1263 |
Ulrich IV | 1263-? |
Henri | ?-1283 |
Amadeus | 1283–1288 |
Rudolph IV | 1288–1343 |
Louis I | 1343–1373 |
Elisabeth | 1373–1395 |
Conrad IV of Freiburg | 1395–1424 |
Jean de Fribourg | 1424–1458 |
Rudolph IV of Hachberg-Sausenberg | 1458–1487 |
Philip of Hachberg | 1487–1503 |
Johanna of Hachberg | 1504–1512 |
Swiss Confederacy | 1512–1529 |
Johanna of Hachberg | 1529–1543 |
François d'Orléans-Longueville |
1543–1548 |
Léonor d'Orléans-Longueville | 1548–1573 |
Henri I | 1573–1595 |
Henri II | 1595–1663 |
Jean Louis Charles | 1663–1668 |
Charles Paris | 1668–1672 |
Jean Louis Charles | 1672–1694 |
Marie de Nemours | 1694–1707 |
Frederick I of Prussia | 1707–1713 |
Frederick William I | 1713–1740 |
Frederick II | 1740–1786 |
Frederick William II | 1786–1797 |
Frederick William III | 1797–1806 |
Louis Alexandre Berthier |
1806–1814 |
Frederick William III | 1814–1840 |
Frederick William IV | 1840–1848/57 |
Republic of Neuchâtel | 1 March 1848 |
After the
A year later he agreed to allow the principality to join the
Geography
The canton of Neuchâtel is located in Romandy, the French-speaking western part of Switzerland. It is also located in the Jura mountainous region. To its northeast it borders the canton of Bern, to the northwest France (Bourgogne-Franche-Comté). Lake Neuchâtel lies southeast of the canton, while the canton of Vaud is southwest of the canton of Neuchâtel. The canton lies in the central area of the Jura Mountains. Lake Neuchâtel drains the lands in the south, whilst the river Doubs drains the northern areas.
The canton is commonly divided into three regions. The
Government
Neuchâtel was one of the first cantons in Switzerland to grant women the right to vote (1959) and also to grant the vote to foreigners holding a residence permit and who have been domiciled in the canton for at least five years (2002), as well as to lower the voting age to 18.
The legislature, the Grand Council of Neuchâtel, has 115 seats distributed in proportion to the population of the six districts that make up the electoral constituencies: Neuchâtel (35 seats), Boudry (25), Val-de-Travers (8), Val-de-Ruz (10), Le Locle (10), La Chaux-de-Fonds (27). The State Council (cantonal government), five "ministers" who assume the annual presidency in turn and manage the departments of justice, health and safety; finance and social welfare; public economy; regional management; education and culture. The cantonal authorities, which have their seat in the castle (the Château de Neuchâtel), are elected every four years by universal suffrage.
The people also elect their representatives to the federal parliament every four years: five of the 200 members of the National Council (lower chamber) and two of the 46 members of the Council of States (upper chamber).
Politics
Federal election results
Percentage of the total vote per party in the canton in the National Council elections 1971–2015[7] | ||||||||||||||
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Party | Ideology | 1971 | 1975 | 1979 | 1983 | 1987 | 1991 | 1995 | 1999 | 2003 | 2007 | 2011 | 2015 | |
FDP.The Liberalsa
|
Classical liberalism | 24.3 | 22.4 | 20.6 | 19.4 | 20.4 | 22.5 | 25.7 | 20.5 | 14.8 | 12.7 | 26.9 | 24.4 | |
CVP/PDC/PPD/PCD | Christian democracy | * b | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | 3.3 | 3.5 | 3.6 | |
SP/PS | Social democracy | 30.6 | 38.9 | 37.4 | 33.1 | 30.8 | 29.8 | 28.2 | 28.0 | 29.2 | 25.9 | 24.7 | 23.7 | |
SVP/UDC | Swiss nationalism |
* | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | 22.5 | 23.2 | 21.4 | 20.4 | |
LPS/PLS | Swiss Liberal |
16.0 | 22.1 | 26.4 | 30.9 | 30.0 | 27.1 | 25.2 | 24.0 | 14.4 | 13.2 | c | c | |
EVP/PEV | Christian democracy | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | 1.2 | * | * | |
Ring of Independents | Social liberalism | * | * | 4.8 | 3.5 | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | |
GLP/PVL | Green liberalism | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | 3.4 | |
BDP/PBD | Conservatism | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | 1.5 | 1.0 | |
PdA/PST-POP/PC/PSL | Socialism | 13.7 | 9.8 | 7.7 | 4.2 | 3.8 | 5.2 | 7.1 | 6.9 | 3.0 | 9.2 | 10.4 | 12.2 | |
GPS/PES | Green politics | * | * | * | 7.4 | 7.1 | 8.0 | 5.9 | 14.7 | 13.8 | 9.4 | 11.7 | 9.3 | |
Solidarity | Anti-capitalism | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | 2.7 | 2.2 | * | * | * | |
SD/DS | National conservatism | * | * | * | * | 3.4 | 6.4 | 2.5 | 2.3 | * | * | * | * | |
Rep. | Right-wing populism | 10.1 | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | * | |
EDU/UDF | Christian right | * | * | * | * | * | * | 2.3 | * | * | * | * | * | |
Other | 5.4 | 6.8 | 3.1 | 1.4 | 4.5 | 1.1 | 3.2 | 1.0 | * | 1.8 | * | 2.1 | ||
Turnout % | 48.3 | 47.2 | 43.3 | 43.7 | 37.4 | 38.1 | 31.9 | 34.0 | 50.4 | 50.2 | 42.4 | 41.8 |
Political subdivisions
Districts
Until 2018 the Canton was divided into six districts. On 1 January 2018 the districts were dissolved and all municipalities were placed directly under the canton.[8]
- Boudry with capital Boudry
- La Chaux-de-Fonds with capital La Chaux-de-Fonds
- Le Locle with capital Le Locle
- Neuchâtel with capital Neuchâtel
- Val-de-Ruz with capital Cernier
- Val-de-Travers with capital Val-de-Travers
Municipalities
There are 27 municipalities in the canton (as of 2021[update]).[8]
Demographics
The population is almost entirely
The 175,894 inhabitants (as of 2020[update])[2] are fairly evenly distributed with many small towns and villages lining the shore of the Lake of Neuchâtel. The average population density is 209 inhabitants per square kilometre (540/sq mi). Neuchâtel (2020 population: 33,455) is the canton's capital while La Chaux-de-Fonds (2020 population: 36,915) is the canton's largest settlement. Some 38,000 of the inhabitants, or a little less than a quarter of the population, are of foreign origin.
Historical population
The historical population is given in the following table:
Historic population[10] | ||||
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Year | Total population | Swiss | Non-Swiss | Population share of total country |
1850 | 70,753 | 65,773 | 4 980 | 3.0% |
1880 | 102,744 | 93,791 | 8,953 | 3.6% |
1900 | 126,279 | 113,090 | 13,189 | 3.8% |
1950 | 128,152 | 121,357 | 6,795 | 2.7% |
1970 | 169,173 | 132,478 | 36,695 | 2.7% |
2000 | 167,949 | 129,377 | 38,572 | 2.3% |
2020 | 175,894 | 2.0% |
Economy
The canton is well known for its wines, which are grown along the
Notes
- ^ The claimants were: 1. the King in Prussia; 2. the Duke of Württemberg-Montbéliard; 3. Jeanne de Mouchy, marquise de Mailly et de Nesle; 4. the marquis Yves d'Alègre; 5. Julianne Catherine d'Amont, dame de Sergis; 6. the Prince of Nassau-Siegen; 7. the Prince of Carignan; 8. Jacques de Matignon, comte de Torigny; 9. Paule-Françoise-Marguerite de Gondi, duchesse de Retz et de Lesdiguières; 10. Béat-Albert-Ignace, baron de Montjoie; 11. comte Trébonius-Ferdinand de Fürstemberg; 12. the Prince of Conti; 13. Angelique-Cunégonde de Montmorency-Luxembourg; 14. the Margrave of Baden-Durlach and 15. the Canton of Uri.[5]
References
- ^ Arealstatistik Land Cover - Kantone und Grossregionen nach 6 Hauptbereichen accessed 27 October 2017
- ^ a b "Ständige und nichtständige Wohnbevölkerung nach institutionellen Gliederungen, Geburtsort und Staatsangehörigkeit". bfs.admin.ch (in German). Swiss Federal Statistical Office - STAT-TAB. 31 December 2020. Retrieved 21 September 2021.
- ^ Statistik, Bundesamt für (21 January 2021). "Bruttoinlandsprodukt (BIP) nach Grossregion und Kanton - 2008-2018 | Tabelle". Bundesamt für Statistik (in German). Retrieved 1 July 2023.
- ^ Federal Department of Statistics (2008). "Ständige Wohnbevölkerung nach Staatsangehörigkeit, Geschlecht und Kantonen". Archived from the original (Microsoft Excel) on December 15, 2008. Retrieved November 5, 2008.
- ^ David Guillaume Huguenin, Les chateaux neuchâtelois: anciens et modernes (1843) pp. 253–256.
- ^ ISBN 3-7759-0205-8.
- ^ Nationalratswahlen: Stärke der Parteien nach Kantonen (Schweiz = 100%) (Report). Swiss Federal Statistical Office. 2015. Archived from the original on 2 August 2016. Retrieved 5 August 2016.
- ^ a b "Amtliches Gemeindeverzeichnis der Schweiz" (in German) accessed 15 February 2018
- ^ Federal Department of Statistics (2004). "Wohnbevölkerung nach Religion". Archived from the original (Interactive Map) on 24 September 2016. Retrieved 15 January 2009.
- ^ "Wallis". Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz (in German). Retrieved 25 January 2022.
External links
- Official website
- Official statistics
- Neuchâtel and surroundings "Watch Valley"
- Coolidge, William Augustus Brevoort (1911). . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 19 (11th ed.). pp. 423–424.
- Portal Neuch.ch
- Village of Valangin
- International Watchmaking Museum