Cantonese Braille
Cantonese Braille ⠞⠖⠁⠉⠊⠂ | |
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Script type | |
Languages | Cantonese |
Related scripts | |
Parent systems | Braille
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This article is part of Cantonese language |
Yue Chinese |
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Grammar |
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Phonology |
Cantonese Braille (
Charts
Each syllable is divided into three parts: the initial consonant, the rime (vowel and any final consonant), and the tone. For example, 盤, pun4 is written ⟨⠯⠮⠄⟩, with initial p, final un and tone 4.[1] (See Cantonese phonology.) Among initials, aspirated consonants (p t ts k kw = p' t' ts' k' kw') are derived by adding dots to the unaspirated consonants (b d dz g gw = p t ts k kw):
Braille | |||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pinyin | f | h | g | k | l | m | n | b | p | s | d | t | w | j | dz | ts | gw | kw | ng |
- M and ng may also be used as rimes (syllabic nasals), in which case they are followed directly by the tone.
- When i or u (but not y) begins a syllable, a dummy consonant j or w is prefixed.[citation needed]
Braille | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pinyin | a (aa) | aai | aau | aam | aan | aang | aap | aat | aak |
Braille | |||||||||
Pinyin | – | ai | au | am | an | ang | ap | at | ak |
Braille | (NA) | (NA) | (NA) | ||||||
Pinyin | e | ei | eu | em | – | eng | ep | – | ek |
Braille | |||||||||
Pinyin | sz† | i | iu | im | in | ing | ip | it | ik |
Braille | |||||||||
Pinyin | o | oi | ou | om† | on | ong | op† | ot | ok |
Braille | |||||||||
Pinyin | u | ui | – | – | un | ung | – | ut | uk |
Braille | |||||||||
Pinyin | oe | oey | – | – | oen | oeng | – | oet | oek |
Braille | |||||||||
Pinyin | y | – | – | – | yn | – | – | yt | – |
† represents the symbol was abolished in the revised version in 1990.
The rimes eu, em, ep do not exist in braille.
High tone (tones 1 and 7) is not transcribed. Otherwise tone is written after the rime, as follows:
Braille | |||||||
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Pinyin | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 8 | 9 |
In numerical order, the cells are as follows:
0 | main sequence | suppl. | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
⠀ |
⠁ t2 |
⠃ a |
⠉ dz-aang |
⠙ (NA) |
⠑ e |
⠋ f-ot |
⠛ ng-ang |
⠓ h-ei |
⠊ i |
⠚ j-oey |
⠈ t3 |
⠘ aan | ||
⠄ t4/9 |
⠅ g-aak |
⠇ l- |
⠍ m-m |
⠝ n-on |
⠕ o |
⠏ b-aap |
⠟ gw-uk |
⠗ k-ik |
⠎ s-oen |
⠞ d-aat |
⠌ aau |
⠜ aam | ||
⠤ (NA) |
⠥ u |
⠧ ou |
⠭ ts-oet |
⠽ iu |
⠵ ut |
⠯ p-ip |
⠿ (NA) |
⠷ yt |
⠮ un |
⠾ t-it |
⠬ aai |
⠼ (NA) | ||
⠠ t5 |
⠡ au |
⠣ oi |
⠩ ai |
⠹ y |
⠱ oe |
⠫ an |
⠻ kw-ok |
⠳ ui |
⠪ oek |
⠺ w-ek |
⠨ ak |
⠸ am | ||
⠂ t6 |
⠆ yn |
⠒ oeng |
⠲ in |
⠢ ap |
⠖ im |
⠶ eng |
⠦ ung |
⠔ at |
⠴ ing |
⠐ t8 |
⠰ ong |
Punctuation
Some of the punctuation marks are distinguished from the onset or rime of a syllable by the strategic use of the ⠀ space. The spaces are therefore included in the table below, though they are not technically part of the punctuation mark.
Braille | |||||||||||
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。 | ? | ! | : | ; | - | — | … | ||||
Braille | |||||||||||
· | ( | ) | [ | ] | 《 | 》 | 〈 | 〉 | |||
Braille | |||||||||||
, | 、 | “ | ” | ‘ | ’ | start emph. | end emph. | start name | end name |
The emphasis marks, ⠷⠻ are equivalent to running dots alongside the characters in print, while proper names are marked in print by an underline or overline.
See also
- Cantonese
- Chinese Braille
References
- ^ Jennie Lam Suk Yin, 2003, Confusion of tones in visually-impaired children using Cantonese braille(Archived by WebCite® at
- UNESCO (2013) World Braille Usage Archived 2014-09-08 at the Wayback Machine, 3rd edition.