Canosa di Puglia
Canosa di Puglia
Canaus (Neapolitan) | |
---|---|
Comune di Canosa di Puglia | |
Nickname(s): La Piccola Roma ("Little Rome"); "The City of Princes, Emperors and Bishops" | |
Motto(s): Città d'Arte e Cultura ("City of Art and Culture") | |
UTC+2 (CEST) | |
Postal code | 76012 |
Patron saint | Sabinus of Canosa |
Saint day | August 1 |
Website | Official website |
Canosa di Puglia, generally known simply as Canosa (
Name
Canosa is the
Geography
Territory
Canosa sits on the
Climate
Canosa has a typical
History
Prehistory
The
Excavations have also discovered metal and amber designs which appear
Antiquity
Canusion became an important commercial center for craftsman, especially of ceramics and pottery.
The town was a center for agricultural production and trade, particularly in
Middle Ages
The city continued to flourish into the early medieval period,
The area suffered severely at the hands of the
In 963, Canosa was rebuilt at a site below the former Roman city.
Modernity
The ruins and settlement of Canosa were repeatedly damaged by earthquakes, particularly those in 1361,
After the
On 6 November 1943, during
Currently the economy of Canosa is based mainly on
Main sights
Religious architecture
Cathedral of San Sabino
The Cathedral of San Sabino was founded in the 8th century by the
The plan of the basilica is a Latin cross, covered by five domes and an apse lit by three windows, whose central body is covered with a stained glass window depicting the patron saint. It is an example of Romanesque/Byzantine architecture. Below the chancel are the crypt, shrine of the saint. The arches are supported by marble columns with Corinthian capitals, which were retrieved from devastated ancient monuments. The cathedral lies three feet below the square.[19]
After the earthquake of 1851, the cathedral was damaged and the restoration work led to an expansion of the Latin cross, as well as the reconstruction of the
The left aisle houses the tomb of the
The
Mausoleum of Bohemond
Accessible from the right
Other churches
- Church of St. Anthony of Padua
- Church of St. Catherine
- Church of Saints Francis and Blaise
- Church of Saint Lucia and Teodoro, also called the Blessed Purgatory
- Church of Our Lady of the Assumption
- Church of Our Lady of Constantinople
- Church of Maria Immacolata
- Church of Maria del Caramel and Carmine
- Church of Maria del Rosario O Rosal
- Church of Passion of Jesus Christ (Rector)
- Church of Jesus the Liberator
- Church of Jesus, Joseph and Mary -
- Church of St. John the Baptist
- Church of St. Thereseof the Child Jesus -
Civil architecture
Historical buildings
The center of the city is littered with 18th- and 19th-century buildings of great artistic and aesthetic value.
- Casieri palace
- Iliceto palace, housing a puppet museum (19th-20th centuries).
- Palazzo Scocchera Santa
- Palazzo Barbarossa
- Rossi Palace
- Palazzo Sinesi, containing 400 findings dating back to the 4th-3rd centuries BC.
- Palace De Muro Fiocco
- Palazzo Fracchiolla-Minerva
- City Palace
- Caporale palace
- Palazzo Visconti
- Palace Forino on via De Gasperi
- Mazzini School via Piave
Teatro D'Ambra
The city 's historic theater is the Teatro D'Ambra, now owned by the city and renamed Teatro Comunale. Its construction was commissioned by Raffaele Lembo, a wealthy local grain merchant, and dates to 1923. The draft prepared by engineer and architect Arturo Boccasini of Barletta, had designed the Teatro Di Lillo of Barletta and had collaborated on the project of Teatro Margherita di Bari. The theater was opened in late 1926 when, with scarce economic resources, they completed part of the structure including without ornaments and decorations. Purchased by the City of Canosa and delivered to the city on 5 February 2005, the historic theater will be completely renovated and restored to house performances again.[19] In May 2006 the renovation work were frozen after of an exceptional archaeological discovery, which was found under the gallery of the theater. This is a complicated intersection of Imperial age with some structures being from the Archaic Age (8th-7th centuries BC).
Other
Villa Comunale
The Villa Comunale, the center of Canosa, has its origins in the 19th century. Mayor Vincent Sinesi who in 1888 arranged the building adjacent to the Cathedral and the Mausoleum of Bohemond to be donated to the municipality by a few Canosa families. Beyond the Mausoleum of Bohemond, there is a monument dedicated to Scipio Africanus, and an altar commemorating the fallen of all wars. The lapidarium is composed of a remarkable archaeological heritage with Dauna and Roman inscriptions, funerary reliefs, capitals and columns, lintels, and the well of the imperial villas.
Archaeological sites
Castle
The "castle" is actually the acropolis of ancient Canosa (Castrum Canus). The three great towers are the ruins of the eponymous estate located atop the hill overlooking the valley Ofantina. Originally a place of worship and pre-Roman fort, built of tufa blocks was rebuilt as a bastion of the same materials by the Grimaldi. Last owners, from 1856, were the Prince of Canosa Capece Minutolo of Naples, and remained until 1948.[20] The wear of the blocks that compose it and the color denotes the passage of these various civilizations that have developed the structure in different epochs. The castle has also reported damage after the devastating bombing of the Second World War.[20] Along the steep hill of the Acropolis, there is the old part of the country, with its narrow streets and staircases. At the southern base lie the remains of a Roman amphitheater.
Hypogeum and catacombs
Canosa has ancient
Not far from the town lies in the depths of clay soil, the necropolis of Santa Sofia. Used around the 4th century AD, for early Christians, it extended over other tombs dating back to the time of the persecution against the Christians. It was discovered around 1960 and is undergoing restoration.[21] Other hypogeum and catacombs include:
- Ori Tomb (4th century BC)
- Ipogei Monterisi-Rossignoli (4th century BC)
- Varrese Tomb (4th century BC)
- Hypogeum Cerberus (4th century BC)
- Ipogeo Scocchera A (4th century BC)
- Ipogeo Scocchera B (called Ipogeo Boccaforno, 4th century BC)
- Ipogei Casieri (4th century BC)
- Hypogeum Vessel Dario (4th century BC)
- Ipogei Lagrasta (2nd century BC)
- Ipogeo dell'Oplita (2nd century BC)
- Ipogeo Matarrese
- Ipogeo Reimers
- Tomb of Largo Constantinople (3rd century BC)
- Necropolis of Santa Sofia (2nd-4th century AD)
Temples and archaic churches
Basilica di San Leucio
The Basilica of San Leucio is one of the greatest examples of early Christian architecture in Apulia. A pagan temple until the 2nd century AD, probably dedicated to Minerva, was transformed into a Christian Basilica between the 4th and 5th centuries AD. The structure is the result of merging the cultures of
. The early Christian Basilica of San Leucio was built on aBasilica di San Pietro
The Basilica di San Pietro was the first cathedral of the Christian era, then transformed into a tomb of Saint Sabino (556), patron of Canosa. The complex is with three naves, apse and
Baptistry of San Giovanni
The main body of the twelve-sided shape, contained a heptagonal baptismal font. The compositions were mainly in marble and tuff. The columns that support the barrel vault was damaged over time, as they have lost the gold mosaics that once covered it. Corresponding to the cardinal points, left four small
Temple of Jupiter "Toro"
The Roman temple of
Other sites
Among other monuments are the Ofanto Roman Bridge (1st century AD), which allowed the passage of the Via Traiana from one side of the river and was used for road traffic until the 1970s. It was reconstructed in the Middle Ages and restored again in 1759. The base consists of four pillars shaped like a spearhead and five mixed arches. Notable are the Tower and Mausoleums, Casieri Bagnoli and
Languages
The dialect is a primary
Culture
Education
Canosa is home to four
- State Professional Institute for Agriculture and the Environment "May 1".
- Nicola Garrone State Professional Institute for Trade.
- Luigi Einaudi Istituto Tecnico Commerciale Statale
- Enrico Fermi Liceo Scientifico Statale
Museums
Museo Civico Archeologico
The Archaeological Museum was established in 1934 and placed in the 18th-century Casieri palace. It houses about 2,000 archaeological finds from excavations in tombs at Canosa and the 5th-3rd centuries BC. There are inscriptions, sculptures, reliefs, marbles, coins, jewelry, ceramics and pottery dating back to a broad span of about 1500 years representing the ancient Dauno, Roman, early Christian and medieval
- Pieces of red-figure pottery and amphorae.
- Cruet, pitchers, bowls, jars, amphoras, urns, small vases in the 3rd century BC
- Jewish, Roman and Christian lamps. There are also a clay statue of a woman in prayer and some lead of the aqueduct of Herodes Atticus
- Coinage of Canusium.
- Iapygesinscriptions,
- Fragments of flints.
Palazzo Sinesi - Archaeological Foundation Canosina
Palazzo Sines (19th century), has since 1994 been an exhibition space for thematic exhibitions. It is the seat of the Archaeological Foundation Canosina and home to the Superintendent of Archaeological Heritage of Apulia.[3]
Palazzo Iliceto
Palazzo Iliceto is an imposing 18th-century building intended as an exhibition space for special exhibits. Until 2005 it was the home of the Museo delle Marionette Canosa, and since 2005 houses the archaeological exhibition God with lightning. It was also used for some theater in the summer of 2003, and outdoor film screenings in the summers of 2004 and 2005. Exhibitions include:
- God with lightning (from 18 May 2005): This is an archaeological exhibition that has images sacred to Canusium, sponsored by the Foundation Archaeological Canosina.[3]
- The Museum of Puppets (the valuable and interesting collection of Aquila-Taccardi: an assortment of 52 large characters in beech, walnut and pine, antique silk robes, armor, copper and nickel silver represented noble Spanish Christians, princesses and Saracens, popes, dukes and cardinals.
- The days of the sacred (2003) show the traditions of Holy Week and in Canosa di Puglia.[3]
Museum of Country Life
The Museum of Country Life is housed in an old bakery in the service area of the castle and is sporadically open during the summer, the patron festivals, and at events organized in the castle. The museum, through an extensive development of original objects, traces the daily rural life in the last century, browsing habits and customs of a civilization now vanished.[3] The museum is divided into three macro-areas:
- Domestic life: pots, kettles, wooden spoons, faggotsto feed the flame and other tools for preparation of food farmers. Also furniture, a stroller, representations of deities placed on the facades of houses.
- Agriculture: agrarian civilizationobjects linked to production and consumption of extra virgin olive oil, wine and wheat.
- The craft: the tools of the blacksmith, the tinsmith, shoemaker, plus all the necessary trades related to the processing of clay, hides, the production of cheeses and dairy products.
Food and wine
The 'Canosina' gastronomy is strongly linked to rural and Mediterraneans culinary traditions. One of the most characteristic is the burned flour of wheat (in the Apulian dialect gren IARS): A dark meal of humble origins, obtained from the grain recovered from the burning of stubble after harvest, from which it was produced the characteristic dark color meal. This recovery was done by people who could not afford the "normal" flour. The most original and popular products that are obtained by mixing equal parts white flour and wheat flour are burned dragged (in dialect strasc-net) with prosciutto and bread (in dialect ppen to prusutt) to make a dark bread mixed with white. Distinguishing gastronomy features of the city are the renowned
Rosso Canosa DOC
The
Markets
The food market (also known as the square) takes place daily in the Piazza Galuppi, currently in the recovery phase, while the traditional weekly market is held every Thursday (with some exceptions) in the St. Johns (known as field-field).
People
- Paulina Busa(fl. 216 BC), a merciful noblewoman during the Second Punic War.
- Sabinus of Canosa (461–566), bishop and patron saint of Canosa.
- Bohemond I of Antioch or Altavilla (1050?–1111), Prince of Taranto, commander of the First Crusade and buried at Canosa.
- Archbishop Diocese of Nardo-Gallipoli and finally archbishop of Lecce.
- Enzo de Muro Lomanto (1902–52), tenor of international fame, married to the soprano Toti Dal Monte
- Lino Banfi (1936), actor
- Gaetano Castrovilli (1997), professional football player
Events
February
- Death of San Sabino (February 9) – Liturgy, a procession and fireworks.
- Our Lady of Lourdes (February 11)
- Canosa carnival
March
- Our Lady of Constantinople (1 st Tuesday of the month) – Pilgrimage to the Shrine of Our Lady of Constantinople, according to a custom dating from the 8th century.
- Via Crucisevocation of the 14 Stations of the Cross, organized by the Santa Teresa Parish.
April
- Procession of the Addolorata (Friday before Virgin Mary, in search of her son Jesus, knocked (hence tupp-tuzz'le, i.e. knock) at church doors before reaching the cathedral.
- The Tomb (Rite of Holy Week,
- Procession of the Mysteries (Rite of Holy Week, Good Friday)
- Procession of Distressed (Rite of Holy Week, Holy Saturday) - Probably the most impressive procession of Holy Week. It starts from the Church of San Francesco and San Biagio on Saturday morning. Children dressed as angels open the procession showing the subjects and sentences the Passion of Christ. Below the Distressed statue followed by a large choir of some 250 girls with their faces covered and dressed in black, some still barefoot, screaming (in harrowing ways) a typical song, the Stabat Mater.
- Procession of Our Lady of the Fountain - the rediscovery of the traditional Feast of First Fruits, on the second Sunday of Easter. Canosini producers lead the ancient icon, preserved in the cathedral by nine centuries
May
- Week of Cultural Heritage
- Citizen Fair (20 and May 21)
June
- St Maria Altomare (June 1) - local parties organized by the parish of Jesus, Mary and Joseph.
July
- Diomede Award - Apulia rewards distinguished Canosa for meritorious work in economic, sporting, social, scientific, artistic and cultural efforts.
- Our Lady of Mount Carmel (July 16) - neighborhood festivals organized by the rector of Mount Carmel.
- "Canosa Summer" (July 31) - Musical entertainment
August
- Festival of San Sabino, Madonna della Fonte and St. Alphonsus Maria de Liguori(August 1, 2)
- Sagra dell Old Red Wine (1st week of month)
- Rite of Percocca (2nd Sunday of month)
- Feast of the Assumption (August 15)
October
- Santa Teresa (October 1)
- Our Lady of the Rosary (October 7)
November
- St. Catherine of Alexandria Martyr (November 25)
December
- Sagra dell Extra Virgin Olive Oil
- St. Immaculate (December 8) - local parties organized by the parish of St. Immaculate.
- Saint Lucia (December 13)
- Living Nativity - Representation with 150 figures that extends over an area of 6000 m 2 and a path along 300 m. The first edition was published in 2004. It is estimated about 40,000 visitors a year come witness it.
- Christmas in the City - White Night
- Exhibition of Nativity crafts, organized by the local branch of the Italian Association of Friends of the Natvity
Economy
The Canosina economy is mainly linked to agriculture. The historic resources, archaeological and tourist, facilitate the influx of visitors. The city's central position in relation to the surrounding area, however, helped give rise to particular firms in the textile and food industries.
Agriculture
The location puts the area between the Canosa
Handicrafts
The realization of handmade wicker baskets or clay pots are still frequent. Still practiced is the ancient crafts such as shoemaking.
Industry
The rolas a strategic road junction has allowed the city to host a number of distribution centers for goods, such as fruits and medicines. In recent decades, Canosa has developed several wineries and olive oil center, along with a major pasta factory. Since the early 2000s a planned
Transportation
Roads and highways
Canosa is located near one of the most important motorway hubs of southern Italy. From 1973, the Motorway A16 (Naples-Canosa, also known as Two Seas Highway) intersects Motorway A14 (Bologna – Taranto, also called the Adriatic highway). The toll of Canosa is 172 km from Naples, 611 km from Bologna and 133 km from Taranto. At average of 15 - 20 thousand cars, with peaks of 40 - 45 thousand units, and the toll road of Canosa will be extended.[25] In the northeast the modern Provincial Road 231 Andries Coratina (SS 98) parallels the Via Traiana built by Emperor Trajan in 108 AD, linking the ancient Trajan Benevento to Brindisi. In Roman times there was probably a port for shipment of goods, which still is an all-important reference port located at Barletta. Other roads of major importance are the Provincial Road 231 Andries Coratina (SS 98) and State Road 93 Appulo Lucana Barletta-Canosa.[26]
Railways
Canosa has a railway station, currently on the Barletta-Spinazzola line. The project dates back to 1861, but in 1888 is entered into an agreement with Southern Railways Company for the construction of the line. The railway line was inaugurated on August 1, 1895. Since the nineties the line was strongly curtailed.[26]
Twin towns
Canosa is twinned with:
- Grójec, Poland
- Dubrovnik, Croatia
- Grinzane Cavour, Italy
- Torremaggiore, Italy
Sports
The soccer team of the city is the SS Canosa. The company's corporate colors are red and blue. Currently playing in the Promotion cup, but in the past has played in the Cup of Excellence and the Championship Series D. It also won the Amateur Cup of Italy. Among the sports facilities in the city include:
- Municipal Stadium Sabino Moroccan
- Stadio Comunale San Sabino
- Sports Palace
References
- Andria in 1818.[16]
- ^ "Superficie di Comuni Province e Regioni italiane al 9 ottobre 2011". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
- ^ "Popolazione Residente al 1° Gennaio 2018". Italian National Institute of Statistics. Retrieved 16 March 2019.
- ^ a b c d e f Soprintendenza per i beni archeologici della Puglia, Marisa Corrente (a cura di) 1912 un ipogeo al confine: tomba Varrese: Canosa di Puglia, Palazzo Sinesi, 22 ottobre 2000, Canosa di Puglia, Serimed, 2001
- ^ a b c d e f g h EB (1911b).
- ^ a b c Jacobone, Nunzio (1922), "Canusium. Un'antica e grande città dell'Apulia", Ricerche di storia e topografia (in Italian), pp. 11–13
- ^ INEA - Istituto Nazionale di Economia Agraria
- ^ Pagina con le classificazioni climatiche dei vari comuni italiani
- ^ a b c d e f g h i EB (1878), p. 23.
- ^ Grelle, Francesco; Giardina, Andrea (1993), "Canosa romana", L'Erma di Bretschneider (in Italian), Roma
{{citation}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ a b c d e f g h i Paulicelli, Attilio (1967), San Sabino nella storia di Canosa, Bari: Tip. San Paolo
- ^ a b c d e f EB (1878), p. 24.
- ^ Horatius Flaccus, Quintus, Sermones (in Latin), I.5
- ^ Horatius Flaccus, Quintus, Sermones (in Latin), I.10.30
- ^ "Canosa", Enciclopedia Treccani (in Italian)
- ^ Lanzoni, Francesco (1927), Le diocesi d'Italia dalle origini al principio del secolo VII (an. 604), Vol. I, Faenza, pp. 288–295
{{citation}}
: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link) - ^ a b c EB (1911a).
- ISBN 978-88-209-9070-1
- ^ Questi ultimi poterono fregiarsi del titolo di "Principi di Canosa", attribuitogli ex Regio Decreto del 1914, partendo da Ernesto (1886), fino all'esplicito non riconoscimento dei titoli nobiliari sancito dalla Costituzione. Titolo, comunque, che è diventato parte integrante del nome.
- ^ a b c d e f Gerardo Chiancone, La Cattedrale e il Mausoleo di Boemondo in Canosa (Andria, Tip. Guglielmi), 1983
- ^ a b Giuseppe Morea, L'acropoli-castello di Canosa (Bari, Arti grafiche Savarese, 1969)
- ^ a b Marisa Corrente; Claudio Ciccarone, Canusium: l'ipogeo dei serpenti piumati (Canosa di Puglia, Serimed, 2003)
- ^ a b c d e Nunzio Iacobone, Una grande e antica città dell'Apulia, Canusium (Ricerche di storia e topografia, Galatina, Ed. Salentina, 1962)
- ISBN 1-55297-720-X), p. 196
- ^ Articolo de La Repubblica dated 29 August 2005
- ^ a b Comune di Canosa di Puglia, Ufficio Stampa, Comunicato Stampa 22 marzo 2007.
- ^ a b Comune di Canosa di Puglia, Ufficio Stampa, Comunicato Stampa 7 dicembre 2006.
Sources
- Baynes, T. S., ed. (1878), Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 5 (9th ed.), New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, pp. 23–24 ,
- Ashby, Thomas (1911), , in Chisholm, Hugh (ed.), Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 5 (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, pp. 203–204
- Ashby, Thomas (1911), , in Chisholm, Hugh (ed.), Encyclopædia Britannica, vol. 5 (11th ed.), Cambridge University Press, p. 221
External links
- Campi Diomedei: Information Archived 2012-07-16 at the Wayback Machine
- Canosa web portal
- Tourism portal