Cape Route

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Cape route
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Ptolemy's world map implied that Africa was part of an outer landmass, separating the Atlantic from the Indian Ocean.
The early Portuguese Empire centered around the Cape Route.
In 1500, Portuguese explorer Pedro Álvares Cabral used the prevailing winds on the Atlantic for a volta do mar, and thereby became the first European to arrive in Brazil. European sailors found the stop useful on the way to India.
Since the Suez Canal opened, the Cape Route has been used when passage through Suez is refused, or by Capesize ships. In the 1904-05 Russo-Japanese War, the Dogger Bank incident forced the Russian fleet to sail around Africa.

The European-Asian sea route, commonly known as the sea route to India or the Cape Route, is a

discovery. The route was important during the Age of Sail, but became partly obsolete as the Suez Canal
opened in 1869.

History

Scholars of classical antiquity disagreed whether the Atlantic was connected to the Indian Ocean. There are anecdotes about circumnavigation of Africa in ancient times; according to Herodotus, a Phoenician expedition commissioned by Egyptian king Necho II completed a voyage from the Red Sea to the Nile delta around 600 BC. Eudoxus of Cyzicus explored the West African coast, but was forced to return. Ptolemy's world map, on which the geographic knowledge of medieval Europe was founded, displays the oceans as separated from each other.

Discovery

In the

Carreira da Índia
. Since then, the Cape Route has been in use.

Christopher Columbus sought to find a westward sea route to the Indian subcontinent, but instead found the way to the Americas. These expeditions marked the beginning of the Age of Discovery, in which European explorers charted the world's oceans.

Use during Age of Sail

The Cape Route was used by European East India Companies. In the 17th century, Caribbean pirates followed the Pirate Round; a parallel route from the Caribbean across the south Atlantic, to the Indian Ocean.

The European

colonization of Africa was before the late 19th century mostly limited to a few coastal outposts, to support the Cape Route. The Dutch East India Company founded the Dutch Cape Colony as a layover port on the way to the Dutch East Indies
.

The

Clipper Route is a route along the Roaring Forties
between Europe and Australia.

Suez Canal

The Suez Canal opened in November 1869, allowing a shortcut between the Atlantic and the Indian Ocean. Because of the prevailing winds at Suez, the canal is less suitable for sailing boats, so steamships got a competitive advantage when the canal opened. While the Cape Route remained useful for clippers for some decades, the opening of the canal was the beginning of the end of the Cape Route, as well as the Age of Sail as a whole. Nowadays, the route around the Cape remains popular in yacht racing.

The maximum ship size for the Suez Canal are referred to as Suezmax. Capesize ships are those too large for the Suez Canal, which need to use the Cape Route between the Atlantic and the Indian Ocean. The 2015 inauguration of the New Suez Canal raised the Suezmax dimensions, and allowed larger ships. Thereby, the Cape Route became even less important, although it still is an alternative secondary route if the Suez Canal is somehow disrupted (for example, during the 2021 Suez Canal obstruction), or to avoid paying fees for crossing the canal if it is economically advantageous to do so.[1][2] The journey can take up to two weeks longer for modern ships than a direct route via the Suez.[3]

See also

References

  1. ^ Hand, Marcus (6 May 2020). "Container lines divert 20 services via the Cape of Good Hope". Seatrade Maritime. Retrieved 27 March 2021.
  2. ^ Braden, Dustin (29 February 2016). "Lines could save big by routing via Cape of Good Hope". www.joc.com. Journal of Commerce. Archived from the original on 23 April 2021. Retrieved 27 March 2021.
  3. ^ "Suez Canal: Ships stuck in 'traffic jam' as salvage efforts continue". BBC News. 27 March 2021. Retrieved 28 March 2021.