Capetian House of Anjou

The Capetian House of Anjou, or House of Anjou-Sicily, or House of Anjou-Naples was a

Charles had fully solidified his rule over Durazzo by 1272, creating a small Kingdom of Albania for himself, out of previously Despotate of Epirus territory; he was well received by local chiefs.^[6]

Charles's regime was driven out of Sicily after Sicilian Vespers in 1282,^[7] but his house ruled Naples until 1435, when René of Anjou inherited the kingdom.^[8]

This House of Anjou included the branches of Anjou-Hungary, which ruled

The senior line of the House of Anjou-Durazzo became extinct in the male line with the death of King Ladislaus of Naples in 1414, and totally extinct with the death of his sister Joanna II in 1435.

During the

The childless

With Andrew III's childless death (1301), the "last golden branch" of the tree of King Saint Stephen's family ended. The Hungarian diet was determined to keep the blood of Saint Stephen (first king of Hungary) on the throne in the maternal line at least. In the upcoming years, a civil war followed between various claimants to the throne. After the short period of rule of Wenceslaus of Bohemia (1301–1305), and Otto of Bavaria (1305–1307) the civil war ended with Charles Robert's (1308–1342) victory, the son of Charles Martel of Anjou, but he was forced to continue fighting against the powerful Hungarian lords up to the early 1320s.

I. Charles I of Anjou 1226/7–1285 king of Sicily(-Naples) = Beatrice of Provence

II. Blanche (died 1269) = Robert lord of Béthune

II. Beatrice 1252–1275 = Philip titular Latin Emperor of Constantinople

II. Elisabeth 1261–1303 = Ladislaus IV of Hungary

II. Charles II of Naples the Lame 1254–1309 = Mary of Hungary

III. Charles Martel (1271–1295), titular King of Hungary = Clemence of Austria

IV.

Elisabeth of Poland

V. (1.) Catherine (died 1355) = Henry II, Duke of Świdnica

V. (4.) Charles (1321–1321/3)

V. (4.) Ladislaus (1324–1329)

V. (4.) Louis I of Hungary (1326–1382) = 1. Margaret of Bohemia, 2. Elizabeth of Bosnia

VI. (2.) Catherine (1370–1378)

VI. (2.) Mary of Hungary 1371–1395 = Sigismund of Luxembourg

VI. (2.) Jadwiga of Poland 1373/4–1399 = Władysław II Jagiełło

V. (4.) Andrew, Duke of Calabria (1327–1345) = Joanna I of Naples

VI. Charles Martel, Duke of Calabria (1345–1348)

V. (4.) Elizabeth (?) (b. 1327/1332) = Boleslaus II of Troppau

V. (4.) Stephen (1332–1354) duke of Slavonia = Margaret of Bavaria

VI.

Philip II, Prince of Taranto

, titular Emperor of Constantinople

VI. John (1354–1360), duke of Croatia, Dalmatia and Slavonia

V. Coloman (1317–1375), Bishop of Győr – illegitimate son with daughter of Gurke Csák

IV. Beatrice (1290–1354) = Jean II de La Tour du Pin, Dauphin du Viennois

IV. Clementia of Hungary (1293–1328) = Louis X of France

III.

Charles of Valois

III.

Saint Louis of Toulouse

(1274–1298), Bishop of Toulouse

III. Robert the Wise (1275–1343), King of Naples = 1. Yolanda of Aragon, 2. Sancia of Majorca

IV. (1.) Charles (1298–1328), Duke of Calabria, Viceroy of Naples = 1. Catherine of Habsburg (1295–1323), 2. Marie of Valois (1309–1332)

V. (2.) Eloisa (1325–1325)

V. (2.) Joanna I of Naples (1326–1382) = Andrew, Duke of Calabria (1327–1345)

V. (2.) Charles Martel (1327–1327)

V. (2.)

Philip II, Prince of Taranto

IV. (1.) Louis (1301–1310)

IV. (i.) Charles d'Artois c. 1300–1346, grand chamberlain for Queen Joanna I – illegitimate with Cantelma Cantelmo

IV. (i.) Maria d'Aquino (Boccaccio's Fiammetta) – illegitimate

IV. (i.) Hélène of Anjou (13??–1342), Countess of Mat – illegitimate = Andrea I Thopia, Count of Mat

V.

Voisava Balsha

VI. Gjergj Thopia (fl. 1388 – d. 1392), Prince of Albania and Lord of Durrës = Teodora Branković

VI. Helena Thopia (fl. 1388 – 1403), Princess of Albania and Lady of Krujë = 1. Marco Barbarigo, 2. Kostandin Balsha

VI. Voisava Thopia, Princess of Albania and Lady of Lezhë = 1. Lord Isaac Cursachio, 2. Progon Dukagjini

VI. (i.) Niketa Thopia (fl. 1388 – d. 1415), Lord of Krujë after capturing the city from his half-sister Helena^[9] illegitimate = Komnen Arianiti's daughter

VI. (i.) Maria Thopia, Baroness of Botrugno illegitimate = Filippo Maramonte

III.

Catherine of Valois–Courtenay

IV. (1.) Charles of Taranto 1296–1315, vicar of Romania

IV. (1.)

Oshin of Armenia 2. Oshin of Korikos

IV. (1) Margarete 1298–1340 = Walter VI, Count of Brienne titular duke of Athens

IV. (1.) Philip, Despot of Romania 1300–1330 = Violante (daughter of James II of Aragon)

IV. (1.) Maria 1301/4–1368, abbess in Conversano

IV. (1.) Blanche 1309–1337 = Ramon Berenguer infante of Aragon, count of Prades (son of James II of Aragon)

IV. (1.) Beatrice = Walter II of Brienne.

IV. (2.) Margaret c. 1325–1380 = Francis de Baux duke of Adria

IV. (2.)

Robert, Prince of Taranto

1326–1365, titular Latin emperor of Constantinople

IV. (2.)

Louis, Prince of Taranto 1327/8–1362, king of Naples as husband of Joanna I of Naples

IV. (2.)

Elisabeth of Slavonia

III. Blanche of Anjou (1280–1310) = James II of Aragon

III. Raymond Berengar (1281–1307), Count of Provence, Prince of Piedmont and Andria = Margaret of Clermont

III. John (1283–1308), a priest

III. Tristan (1284–bef. 1288)

III. Eleanor of Anjou, (1289–1341) = Frederick III of Sicily

III. Maria of Naples (1290–c. 1346) = 1. Sancho I of Majorca, 2. Jaime de Ejerica

III. Peter Tempesta (1291–1315), Count of Gravina

III.

John (1276–1335), Duke of Durazzo, Prince of Achaea, and Count of Gravina = 1. Matilda of Hainaut (1293–1336), 2. Agnes of Périgord

(d. 1345)

IV. (2.) Charles, Duke of Durazzo (1323–1348) = Maria of Calabria

V.

Louis, Count of Beaumont 2. Robert IV of Artois, Count of Eu

V. Agnes of Durazzo 1345–138 = Cansignorio della Scala lord of Verona 2. James of Baux

V. Margaret of Durazzo 1347–1412 = Charles III of Naples

IV. (2.) Louis, Count of Gravina (1324–1362) = Margaret of Sanseverino

V. Louis (1344–d. young)

V. Charles III (1345–1386), king of Naples (1382–1386) and Hungary (1385–1386) = Margaret of Durazzo

VI. Joanna II of Naples 1371–1435 = 1. William, Duke of Austria 2. James II, Count of La Marche

VI. Ladislaus of Naples 1377–1414 = 1. Costanza Chiaramonte, 2. Mary of Lusignan, 3. Mary of Enghien

V. Agnes (1347–d. young)

IV. (2.) Robert of Durazzo (1326–1356)

III. Beatrice (1295–c. 1321) = 1. Azzo VIII d'Este, marchese of Ferrara, 2. Bertrand III of Baux, Count of Andria (d. 1351)

II. Philip 1256–1277, elected king of Sardinia – died childless

II. Robert 1258–1265 – died childless

The three surviving sons of

Sigismund of Luxembourg

(1368–1437) managed to be accepted as Mary's co-ruler, by the Hungarian lords. When the queen died (1395) the Hungarian crown passed over to the House of Luxembourg.

In 1333, the six years old second son of Charles Robert, Andrew (1327–1345) was taken to the court of Naples by his father for dynastic purposes, who put him under guardianship of Robert the Wise. Andrew was betrothed in 1334 to his cousin Joanna, granddaughter and heiress apparent of King Robert of Naples; Andrew's father was a fraternal nephew of King Robert. At the age of 15 he married Joanna I of Naples. After the death of Robert (1343), the King of Naples, Andrew became a victim of power clashes in the court of Naples.

Robert's claim to the throne was rather tenuous and did not follow

Louis

, but he refused on religious grounds, and it thus passed to Robert. To recompense Andrew's father, Charles II decided to assign him the claim to Hungary.

Philip of Taranto), and a son John

, who inherited Croatia, Dalmatia and Slavonia from his father, but he was still a child when he died in 1360.

On the death of Louis I of Hungary,

Louis of Durazzo (1324–1362), the great-grandson of Charles II of Naples and Mary of Hungary, claimed the Hungarian throne as the senior Angevin male, and ousted Louis' daughter Mary of Hungary in December 1385. It was not difficult for him to reach the power, as he counted with the support of several Croatian lords, and many contacts which he made during his period as Duke of Croatia and Dalmatia. However, Elizabeth of Bosnia, widow of Louis and mother of Mary, arranged to have Charles assassinated on 7 February 1386. He died of wounds at Visegrád on 24 February. His son, Ladislaus of Naples

would try to obtain the crown of Hungary in the future, but never reached his goal.

Poland

See also: Union of Hungary and Poland

In 1355, the last

Casimir III, designated his sororal nephew, the Angevin king Louis I of Hungary, as his heir presumptive by the Privilege of Buda. Upon the death of Casimir (5 November 1370), who left no legitimate sons, Louis ascended the Polish throne virtually unopposed. The Polish nobility welcomed his accession, rightly believing that Louis would be an absentee king who would not take much interest in Polish affairs. He sent his mother Elizabeth, sister of Casimir III, to govern Poland as regent.^{[10][page needed]} Louis probably considered himself first and foremost king of Hungary; he visited his northern kingdom three times and spent there a couple of months altogether. Negotiations with the Polish nobility frequently took place in Hungary. Hungarians themselves were unpopular in Poland, as was the king's Polish mother who governed the kingdom. In 1376, circa 160 Hungarians in her retinue were massacred in Kraków and the queen returned to Hungary disgraced.^[11] Louis replaced her with their relative, Vladislaus II of Opole.^[11]

The Hungarian-Polish union fell apart after Louis died in 1382. The dissatisfied Polish nobles demanded that his successor in Hungary,

Vladislaus I), knew that the lack of supporters would render her influence at least as restricted as that of her mother-in-law and refused to move.^[11] She abandoned the idea of attempting to subdue the Polish nobility by force and agreed to send her younger surviving daughter, Hedwig

, to be crowned as Louis' successor in Poland.

Hedvig (known as Jadwiga in Poland) was crowned "king" in Poland's capital, Kraków, on 16 October 1384. Her coronation either reflected the Polish nobility's opposition to her intended husband, William, becoming king without further negotiation, or simply emphasized her status as queen regnant. With her mother's consent, Jadwiga's advisors opened negotiations with

Władysław Jagiełło, was crowned King of Poland on 4 March 1386. As Jadwiga's co-ruler, Jagiełło worked closely with his wife. Hedvig (or Jadwiga) was childless for over a decade. She became pregnant in late 1398 or early 1399. A newborn princess named Elizabeth Bonifacia was delivered on 22 June 1399 at Wawel Castle. However, the infant died after only three weeks, on 13 July 1399.[153] Jadwiga, too, was on her deathbed. She died on 17 July 1399, four days after her newborn daughter. Thus, the Polish throne went over to the Jagiellonian dynasty of Lithuanian origin. The union of Poland and Lithuania was a decisive moment in the histories of both countries; it marked a beginning of the four centuries of shared history. By 1569, the Polish–Lithuanian union grew into a new state, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, and lasted until the Third Partition

in 1795.

Naples

See also: Battle of Capua (1348)

After many unsuccessful attempts to drive the Hohenstaufen out of the Kingdom of Sicily, Charles I of Anjou defeated king Manfred at the Battle of Benevento. James II of Aragon, who married Constance II of Sicily of the Hohenstaufen dynasty, would gain control over the island Sicily during the War of the Sicilian Vespers in the 1280s splitting the kingdom in two with the island of Sicily becoming part of the Crown of Aragon while the kingdom of "Sicily" remained under Angevin control.

When King Robert the Wise died in 1343, in his last will and testament, he formally bequeathed his kingdom to his granddaughter Joanna, making no mention of Andrew and thus denying him the right to reign along with Joanna. With the approval of Pope Clement VI, Joanna was crowned sole monarch of Naples in August 1344. Fearing for his life, Andrew wrote to his mother Elizabeth that he would soon flee the kingdom. She intervened, and made a state visit, before she returned to Hungary allegedly bribing Pope Clement to reverse himself and permit the coronation of Andrew.

Hearing of the Pope's reversal, a group of noble conspirators (the involvement of Queen Joanna is unproved) determined to forestall Andrew's coronation. During a hunting trip at Aversa, Andrew left his room in the middle of the night and was set upon by the conspirators. A treacherous servant barred the door behind him, and, as Joanna cowered in their bed, a terrible struggle ensued, Andrew defending himself furiously and shrieking for aid. He was finally overpowered, strangled with a cord, and flung from a window. Isolde, Andrew's Hungarian nurse took the Prince's corpse to the church of the monks, and remained with it until next morning mourning it. When the Hungarian knights arrived she told them everything in their mother tongue so no one else would learn about the truth, and soon they left Naples reporting everything to the Hungarian King.^[12]

The deed would taint the rest of Joanna's reign, although she was twice acquitted of any charge in the trials that followed. Andrew's elder brother Louis I of Hungary several times invaded the Kingdom of Naples and drove out Joanna, only to meet with reverses.

In November 1347, Louis set out for Naples with some 1,000 soldiers (Hungarians and Germans), mostly mercenaries. When he reached the border of Joanna's kingdom, he had 2,000 Hungarian knights, 2,000 mercenary heavy cavalry, 2,000

Cuman horse archers and 6000 mercenary heavy infantry. Joanna in the meantime had married her cousin Louis of Taranto and had signed a peace with Naples' traditional enemy, the Kingdom of Sicily. The army of Naples, 2,700 knights and 5,000 infantrymen, was led by Louis of Taranto. On 11 January 1348, in the Battle of Capua, the king of Hungary defeated the army of Louis of Taranto. Four days later the queen repaired to Provence, while her husband followed soon afterwards. All the kingdom's barons swore loyalty to the new ruler as he marched to Naples from Benevento. While visiting Aversa, where his brother had been murdered, Louis had Charles of Durazzo assassinated in revenge by his condottiero. The Neapolitans, who had quickly grown unhappy with the severe Hungarian rule, called back Joan, who paid for her return expedition by selling her rights on Avignon to the popes. She landed near Naples and easily captured it, but the Hungarian commander Ulrich von Wolfart commanded a strong resistance in Apulia. Joanna and Louis would await a new trial on Andrew's assassination, to be held in Avignon. The verdict was Joanna's acquittal from any charge in January 1352, and a peace was signed with Hungary on 23 March 1352. Ultimately, 37 years later, Louis' kinsman Charles III of Naples

conquered Naples with Hungarian aid and put Joanna to death.

As the adopted son of Joanna,

Coalition Wars until the Unification of Italy

.

Taranto

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Albania

The Kingdom of Albania, or

Charles I of Naples captured the city and rules as "Prince of Albania

".

Genealogy of Capetian-Anjou

Louis VIII king of France HOUSE OF CAPET

Louis IX king of France

Charles I king of Sicily(-Naples) CAPETIAN HOUSE OF ANJOU

Charles II king of Naples

Philip king of Sardinia

Philip I prince of Taranto BRANCH OF TARANTO

Raymond Berengar count of Andria

Peter Tempesta count of Emboli

John duke of Durazzo BRANCH OF DURRAZO

Philip II prince of Taranto

Charles duke of Durazzo

Louis count of Gravina

Robert lord of Cappacio

Louis I king of Hungary, Poland

Andrew duke of Calabria

Stephen duke of Slavonia

Joanna I queen of Naples

Charles III king of Naples (1382-86), Hungary (1385-1386)

John duke of Slavonia

Joanna II queen of Naples (1414-35), tit. of Hungary

Ladislaus king of Naples (1386-1414), tit. of Hungary

Titles

Designation and details

Title	Held	Designation and details
Count of Anjou	1246–1299	Awarded to Charles I by his brother. Remained under direct control of the Capetian House of Anjou until passing to another Capetian branch the House of Valois by marriage.
Count of Maine	1246–1309	Awarded to Charles I by his brother. Remained under direct control of the Capetian House of Anjou until passing to another Capetian branch the House of Valois-Anjou by creation of John II of France.
Count of Provence	1246–1382	Inherited by marriage between Charles I and Beatrice of Provence who held the county. Issueless Joanna I of Naples left the county to Louis I of Anjou of the House of Valois-Anjou.
King of Sicily	1266–1282	Won the kingdom through conquest.

List of monarchs

Kingdom of Sicily

Portrait	Name	From	Until	Relationship with predecessor
	Charles I of Sicily	6 January 1266	4 September 1282	no direct relation to Manfred of Sicily, won the kingdom through right of conquest .

Kingdom of Naples

Portrait	Name	Branch	From	Until	Relationship with predecessor
	Charles I of Naples	Anjou-Sicily	4 September 1282	7 January 1285	the southern half of the Italian Peninsula was part of the Kingdom of Sicily before the Sicilian Vespers forced Charles out of the island.
	Charles II of Naples (Charles the Lame)	Anjou-Sicily	7 January 1285	5 May 1309	son of Charles I of Naples.
	Robert of Naples (Robert the Wise)	Anjou-Naples	5 May 1309	20 January 1343	son of Charles II of Naples.
	Joanna I of Naples	Anjou-Naples	20 January 1343	12 May 1382	granddaughter of Robert of Naples. Daughter of Charles, Duke of Calabria
	Charles III of Naples (Charles the Short)	Anjou-Durazzo	12 May 1382	24 February 1386	second cousin of Joanna I of Naples, whom he had murdered. Son of Louis of Durazzo .
	Ladislaus of Naples	Anjou-Durazzo	24 February 1386	6 August 1414	son of Charles III of Naples.
	Joanna II of Naples	Anjou-Durazzo	6 August 1414	2 February 1435	sister of Ladislaus of Naples, daughter of Charles III of Naples.

Kingdom of Hungary

Portrait	Name	Branch	From	Until	Relationship with predecessor
	Charles Robert I of Hungary	Anjou-Hungary	Spring 1301	16 July 1342	great-grandnephew (first-cousin thrice removed) of Andrew III of Hungary, the last Árpád agnate.
	Louis I of Hungary (Louis the Great)	Anjou-Hungary	16 July 1342	10 September 1382	son of Charles I of Hungary.
	Mary of Hungary	Anjou-Hungary	10 September 1382	December 1385	daughter of Louis I of Hungary.
	Charles II of Hungary (Charles the Short of Naples)	Anjou-Durazzo	December 1385	24 February 1386	second-cousin once removed of Mary of Hungary; great-grandson of Charles II of Naples. Usurped the throne from her.
	Mary of Hungary (restored)	Anjou-Hungary	24 February 1386	17 May 1395	second-cousin once removed of Charles II of Hungary; great-great-granddaughter of Charles II of Naples.

Kingdom of Poland

Portrait	Name	Branch	From	Until	Relationship with predecessor
	Louis of Poland (Louis the Great of Hungary)	Anjou-Hungary	17 November 1370	10 September 1382	nephew of Casimir III of Poland, the last Piast agnate .
	Jadwiga of Poland	Anjou-Hungary	16 October 1384	17 July 1399	daughter of Louis of Poland.

Armorial

As a younger (youngest) son of

Count of Provence

in right of his wife.

• 
  Arms of Robert d'Artois
• 
  Arms of Alphonse de Poitiers
• 
  1st arms of Charles of France before Anjou, the castles representing his mother, Blanche of Castile

The arms that Charles had were changed sometime on or after 1246 to the ones below, the arms of his paternal

Manfred of Sicily. The newer arms can be seen in the contemporary illustration of Charles battling Manfred for control of the Kingdom of Sicily at the Battle of Benevento

on 26 February 1266, where he carries his newer arms on his shield, the shields of his soldiers, and his pennant. Manfred's troops carry the while eagle alluding to the imperial Hohenstaufens.

• 
  2nd Arms of Charles of France as Count of Anjou and Maine
• 
  same with 4 points
• 
  Same with 5 points

When Charles became King, he started minting coinage with his arms on it. An example is shown below. Charles also felt that he inherited the Hohenstaufen claim to the

arms of Jerusalem

with his own. This was shown in several different versions:

• 
  Arms of the Kingdom of Jerusalem. They were the only arms allowed to put a metal (or) on another (argent).
• 
  Charles I and Joan I of Naples
• 
  Coat of Arms of Charles I of Anjou (per pale Jerusalem and France Ancient)
• 
  Charles II of Anjou and Sicily (Naples)
• 
  Coat of Arms of Robert the Wise (Jerusalem dimidiating Anjou Ancient)

• 
  Coat of Arms of Charles Martel of Anjou-Hungary (according to a fresco in the town hall of San Gimignano, Tuscany)
• 
  Coat of Arms of Charles Martel of Anjou-Hungary (according to the sculpture placed on his tomb in the Cathedral of Naples)

Charles' son and successor Charles II of Naples married the hieress of Hungary. Their son Charles Martel quartered France ancien with the arms of the Hungarian Royal Árpád dynasty to symbolize their claim. Charles Martel's son Charles Robert became Hungarian King and impaled the Angevian arms with Hungary. His son, Louis I the Great carried this through to his arms when he ruled Poland.

• 
  Arms of Hungary (ancient)
• 
  Coat of Arms of Mary of Hungary (Árpád dynasty)

• 
  Charles Martel of Hungary
• 
  King Charles Robert of Hungary
• 
  Coat of Arms of Louis I of Hungary
• 
  Patriarcal cross for Hungary formalized by Louis I seen in the modern Coat of arms of Hungary and here.
• 
  Another version of the Patriarcal cross as seen here and here.
• 
  King Louis the Great of Hungary and Poland

As seen above, when Louis I of Hungary died without male hiers, Charles III of Naples, considered himself the heir to the Hungarian throne as the senior Angevin male and male descendant of the Arpads. He added the arms of Hungary to Jerusalem and Anjou, coming up with the tripartite arms. He had some success, but as seen above he was assassinated and his son, Ladislaus of Naples never became King of Hungary.

• 
  Charles III ad Count of Durazzo
• 
  Charles III as Count of Durazzo, alt.
• 
  Coat of Arms of Charles III, Ladislaus, and Johanna II of Naples.
• 
  Version without the red label.
• 
  Alt. arms of Charles III.

These arms were inherited by the House of Valois-Anjou when Johanna I adopted Louis of France, Duke of Anjou, • Great-great-grandson of Charles II through female line, as her heir.

The house also had some cadet lines that never became king:

• 
  Arms of Philippe de Tarente and his heirs the princes of Taranto.
• 
  Arms of Croatia, Dalmatia and Slavonia used by Stephen and John of Anjou as Duke of Slavonia.
• 
  Coat of arms of Robert of Tarente, titular emperor of Constantinople, and his heirs.
• 
  Coat of arms of Jean d'Anjou, duke of Durazzo and the cadet line of Durazzo that succeeded as kings of Naples.

References

1. Philip of Courtenay and William of Villehardouin
   ... The resultant treaties ... signed in the papal palace at Viterbo in May 1267, would have made Charles of Anjou the effective controller of a restored Latin emperor ..."
2. ^ ^{a b} Hazzard, The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries, 35.
3. principality of Morea
   and its dependencies should be transferred to [Charles of Anjou] ... granted to Charles suzerainty over the islands of the Aegean, Corfu and all Latin possession in Epiros."
4. ^ Abulafia, 793. "[Charles of Anjou] took charge of Durazzo ..."
5. ^ ^{a b} Hazzard, The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries, 37.
6. ^ Van Antwerp Fine, The Late Medieval Balkans, 184.
7. ISBN 0-521-43774-1. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help
   )
8. ^ Kekewich, Margaret L. (2008), The Good King: Rene of Anjou and Fifteenth Century Europe, Palgrave Macmillan, p. 54
9. ISBN 99927-1-622-3
   .
10. ISBN 9780521618571
    . Retrieved 9 May 2013.
11. ^
    ISBN 9781850439776
    . Retrieved 9 May 2013.
12. ^ "Isolda – Lexikon ::". www.kislexikon.hu.

Sources

• ISBN 978-1-13905573-4
  .
• ISBN 0-472-08260-4
  .
• Geanakoplos, Deno John (1975). "Byzantium and the Crusades, 1261–1354". In
  ISBN 0-299-06670-3
  .

External links

• Media related to Capetian House of Anjou at Wikimedia Commons