Capitoline Triad

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Religion in
ancient Rome
Marcus Aurelius sacrificing
Marcus Aurelius (head covered)
sacrificing at the Temple of Jupiter
Practices and beliefs
Priesthoods
Deities

Deified leaders:

Related topics

The Capitoline Triad was a group of three deities who were worshipped in

Jupiter, Juno and Minerva. The triad held a central place in the public religion of Rome.[1]

The Triad

The three deities who are most commonly referred to as the "Capitoline Triad" are

Etruscan trio of Tinia, the supreme deity, Uni, his wife, and Menrva, their daughter and the goddess of wisdom.[citation needed
]

In some interpretations, this group replaced an original Archaic Triad made up of Jupiter, the farming/war god Mars and war/farming god Quirinus.[1]

The Capitolia

Jupiter, Juno and Minerva were honored in temples known as Capitolia, which were built on hills and other prominent areas in many cities in Italy and the provinces, particularly during the Augustan and Julio-Claudian periods. Most had a triple cella. The earliest known example of a Capitolium outside Italy was at Emporion (now Empúries, Spain).[2] According to Ovid, Terminus also had a place there, since he had a shrine there before it was built and, as the god of boundary stones, refused to yield.[3]

Although the word Capitolium (pl. Capitolia) could be used to refer to any temple dedicated to the Capitoline Triad, it referred especially to the temple on the

pronaos (porch).[4]

Another shrine (sacellum) dedicated to Jupiter, Juno Regina and Minerva was the Capitolium Vetus on the Quirinal Hill. It was thought to be older than the more famous temple of Jupiter Optimus Maximus on the Capitoline Hill, and was still a landmark in Martial's time, in the late 1st century.[5]

See also

References

  1. ^
    JSTOR 290109
    .
  2. ^ Blagg, T.F.C. (1990). "The temple at Bath (Aquae Sulis) in the context of classical temples in the western European provinces" (pp. 426–427). Journal of Roman Archaeology 3 (pp. 419–430).
  3. ^ Ovid, Fasti 2.667–676: "What happened when the new Capitol was being built? Why, the whole company of gods withdrew before Jupiter and made room for him; but Terminus, as the ancients relate, remained where he was found in the shrine, and shares the temple with great Jupiter. Even to this day there is a small hole in the roof of the temple, that he may see naught above him but the stars. From that abide in that station in which thou hast been placed. Yield not an inch to a neighbour, though he ask thee, lest thou shouldst seem to value man above Jupiter."
  4. ^ Fishwick, Duncan (1987). "Seneca and the Temple of Divus Claudius" (pp. 253–254). Britannia 22 (pp. 137–141).
  5. ISBN 0-8018-4300-6
    .
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