Capsian culture
 | |
| Geographical range | North Africa, possibly East Africa |
|---|---|
| Period | Neolithic – Bronze Age |
| Dates | c. 8,000 – c. 2,700 BC |
| Type site | El Mekta |
| Major sites | Medjez II, Dakhlat es-Saâdane, Aïn Naga, Khanguet El-Mouhaâd, Aïn Misteheyia, Kef Zoura D, El Mekta. |
| Preceded by | Iberomaurusian |
| Followed by | Libyans |
| The Neolithic |
|---|
| ↑ Mesolithic |
| ↓ Chalcolithic |
The Capsian culture was a
Capsian industry was concentrated mainly in what is now Tunisia Morocco and Algeria. It is traditionally divided into two horizons, the Capsien typique (Typical Capsian) and the Capsien supérieur (Upper Capsian), which are sometimes found in chronostratigraphic sequence. Sometimes, a third period, Capsian Neolithic (6,200–5,300 BP) is also specified. They represent variants of one tradition, the differences between them being both typological and technological.[3][4][5]
During this period, the environment of the Maghreb was open
Anatomically, Capsian populations were modern
Given the Capsian culture's timescale, widespread occurrence in the Sahara, and geographic association with modern speakers of the Afroasiatic languages, historical linguists have tentatively associated the industry with the Afroasiatic family's earliest speakers on the continent.[14]
Nothing is known about Capsian religion, but their burial methods suggest a belief in an afterlife. Decorative art is widely found at their sites, including figurative and abstract
The Eburran industry which dates between 13,000 and 9,000 BC[is this date calibrated?] in East Africa, was formerly known as the "Kenya Capsian" due to similarities in the stone blade shapes.
Gallery
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The main sites of the Iberomaurusian and Capsian cultures in north Africa -
A Capsian ostrich-egg bottle -
Typical Capsian burial (Tunisia) -
Capsian culture, Arrowhead
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See also
- Ifri n'Amr or Moussa
- Kelif el Boroud
- Prehistory of Central North Africa
- African humid period
References
- ISBN 9780306461583.
- ]
- ^ 2005 D. Lubell. Continuité et changement dans l'Epipaléolithique du Maghreb. In, M. Sahnouni (ed.) Le Paléolithique en Afrique: l’histoire la plus longue, pp. 205–226. Paris: Guides de la Préhistoire Mondiale, Éditions Artcom’/Errance.
- S2CID 162822759.
- ISBN 978-3-937248-36-3.
- ^ 1984 D. Lubell. Paleoenvironments and Epi Paleolithic economies in the Maghreb (ca. 20,000 to 5000 B.C.). In, J.D. Clark & S.A. Brandt (eds.), From Hunters to Farmers: The Causes and Consequences of Food Production in Africa. Berkeley: University of California Press, pp. 41–56.
- S2CID 53678760.
- ^ a b 1984 D. Lubell, P. Sheppard & M. Jackes. Continuity in the Epipalaeolithic of northern Africa with an emphasis on the Maghreb. In, F. Wendorf & A. Close (eds.), Advances in World Archaeology, Vol. 3: 143–191. New York: Academic Press.
- ^ 2004 D. Lubell.Prehistoric edible land snails in the circum-Mediterranean: the archaeological evidence. In, J-J. Brugal & J. Desse (eds.), Petits Animaux et Sociétés Humaines. Du Complément Alimentaire Aux Ressources Utilitaires. XXIVe rencontres internationales d’archéologie et d’histoire d’Antibes, pp. 77–98. Antibes: Éditions APDCA.
- ^ 1979 C. Roubet. Économie Pastorale Préagricole en Algérie Orientale: le Néolithique de Tradition Capsienne. Paris: CNRS.
- ^ 1985 D. Ferembach. On the origin of the Iberomaurusians (Upper Paleolithic, North Africa): a new hypothesis. Journal of Human Evolution 14: 393–397.
- ^ 1991 P. Sheppard & D. Lubell. Early Holocene Maghreb prehistory: an evolutionary approach. Sahara 3: 63–9
- ^ D. Lubell (October 1, 2001). "Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene Maghreb". In Peregrine, Peter Neal; Ember, Melvin (eds.). Encyclopedia of Prehistory (PDF). Vol. 1 : Africa. New York: Springer. pp. 129–149.
- ^ Language, Volume 61, Issues 3–4. Linguistic Society of America. 1985. p. 695. Retrieved 31 January 2017.