Carbachol
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Trade names | Miostat |
AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
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Routes of administration | By mouth (tablets) Solution for injection Topical (ophthalmic solution) |
ATC code | |
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Pharmacokinetic data | |
Bioavailability | Low |
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Carbachol, also known as carbamylcholine and sold under the brand name Miostat among others, is a
Carbachol produces effects comparable to those of
It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[2]
Chemistry and pharmacology
Carbachol is a
Carbachol is a
In the
A recent review indicates that carbachol is a strong promoter of
Synthesis
Carbachol may be prepared in a 2 step process beginning with the reaction of
Indications
Carbachol is primarily used in the treatment of glaucoma, but it is also used during ophthalmic surgery.[3] Carbachol eyedrops are used to decrease the pressure in the eye for people with glaucoma. It is sometimes used to constrict the pupils during cataract surgery.
Topical ocular administration is used to decrease intraocular pressure in people with primary open-angle glaucoma. Intraocular administration is used to produce miosis after lens implantation during cataract surgery. Carbachol can also be used to stimulate bladder emptying to treat the condition of underactive bladder.[5]
In most countries carbachol is only available by prescription. Outside the United States, it is also indicated for urinary retention as an oral (2 mg) tablet.[3][6]
Contraindications
Use of carbachol, as well as all other
Overdose
The effects of a systemic overdose will probably be similar to the effects of a nerve agent (they both act on the cholinergic system, increasing cholinergic transmission), but its toxicity is much weaker and it is easier to antagonize in overdose. When administered ocularly there is little risk of such effects, since the doses are much smaller (see topical versus systemic administration).[7]
References
- ^ "40 C.F.R.: Appendix A to Part 355—The List of Extremely Hazardous Substances and Their Threshold Planning Quantities" (PDF) (1 July 2008 ed.). Government Printing Office. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 February 2012. Retrieved 29 October 2011.
- hdl:10665/345533. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02.
- ^ a b c d e f g h "Carbachol". PubChem Compound. Retrieved 6 March 2014.
- PMID 22002868.
- S2CID 244530010.
- ^ "Carbachol generics". ndrugs. Retrieved 6 March 2014.
- ISBN 978-0-7817-7155-9.
External links
- "Carbachol". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine.