Carbohydrate chemistry

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It has been suggested that this article be merged into Carbohydrate. (Discuss) Proposed since January 2024.

Carbohydrate chemistry is a subdiscipline of

Monosaccharides

Individual saccharide residues are termed monosaccharides.

Carbohydrate synthesis

Glycosidic bond formation

• Chemical glycosylation
• Fischer glycosidation
• Glycosyl halide
• Koenigs-Knorr reaction

Protecting groups

• Carbohydrate acetalisation
• Trimethylsilyl
• Benzyl
  Ether
• para-methoxybenzyl ether

Oligosaccharides

Reactions of carbohydrates

Carbohydrates are reactants in many organic reactions. For example:

• Cyanohydrin reaction
• Lobry-de Bruyn-van Ekenstein transformation
• Amadori rearrangement
• Wohl degradation
• Tipson-Cohen reaction
• Ferrier rearrangement
• Ferrier II reaction

Functions of carbohydrates

Carbohydrates have four major functions within the body:

1. Energy supply, particularly for the brain in the form of glucose
2. Avoiding the
   breakdown of amino acids
   for energy
3. Avoiding ketosis from the breakdown of fatty acids
4. Cellular and protein recognition

Energy supply, particularly for the brain in the form of glucose

Avoiding the breakdown of amino acids for energy

Avoiding ketosis from the breakdown of fatty acids

Cellular and protein recognition

Glycoprotein hormones may be removed by the liver from the bloodstream when the passage of time causes the breaking-off of carbohydrates from the glycoproteins.^{[citation needed]}

See also

Carbohydrate structure

• Anomeric effect
• Carbohydrate
• Carbohydrate conformation
• Disaccharide
• Glycosidic bond
• Monosaccharide
• Polysaccharide

Carbohydrate function and biology

• Glycobiology
• Glycomics
• Glycosylation
• Organic synthesis

References