Carbonyl sulfide

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Carbonyl sulfide
Carbonyl sulfide
Space-filling 3D model of carbonyl sulfide
Names
IUPAC names
Carbonyl sulfide[1]
Oxidosulfidocarbon[1]
Systematic IUPAC name
Thioxomethanone
Identifiers
3D model (
JSmol
)
ChEBI
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard
 100.006.674 Edit this at Wikidata
EC Number
  • 207-340-0
KEGG
UNII
UN number 2204
  • InChI=1S/COS/c2-1-3 checkY
    Key: JJWKPURADFRFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  • InChI=1/COS/c2-1-3
    Key: JJWKPURADFRFRB-UHFFFAOYAF
  • O=C=S
Properties
COS
Molar mass 60.075 g/mol
Appearance colorless gas
Odor sulfide-like
Density 2.51 g/L
Melting point −138.8 °C (−217.8 °F; 134.3 K)
Boiling point −50.2 °C (−58.4 °F; 223.0 K)
0.376 g/100 mL (0 °C)
0.125 g/100 mL (25 °C)
Solubility very soluble in KOH, CS2
soluble in alcohol, toluene
−32.4×10−6 cm3/mol
0.65 D
Thermochemistry
41.5 J/(mol⋅K)
231.5 J/(mol⋅K)
Std enthalpy of
formation
(ΔfH⦵298)
 −141.8 kJ/mol
Hazards
GHS labelling:
GHS02: FlammableGHS04: Compressed GasGHS06: ToxicGHS07: Exclamation mark
Danger
H220, H280, H315, H319, H331, H335
P210, P261, P264, P271, P280, P302+P352, P304+P340, P305+P351+P338, P311, P312, P321, P332+P313, P337+P313, P362, P377, P381, P403, P403+P233, P405, P410+P403, P501
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
NFPA 704 four-colored diamondHealth 3: Short exposure could cause serious temporary or residual injury. E.g. chlorine gasFlammability 4: Will rapidly or completely vaporize at normal atmospheric pressure and temperature, or is readily dispersed in air and will burn readily. Flash point below 23 °C (73 °F). E.g. propaneInstability 1: Normally stable, but can become unstable at elevated temperatures and pressures. E.g. calciumSpecial hazards (white): no code
3
4
1
Explosive limits
 12–29%
Safety data sheet (SDS) Carbonyl sulfide MSDS
Related compounds
Related compounds
 Carbon dioxide
Carbon disulfide
Carbonyl selenide
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
☒N verify (what is checkY☒N ?)

Carbonyl sulfide is the

valence isoelectronic
with it.

Occurrence

Carbonyl sulfide is the most abundant sulfur compound naturally present in the atmosphere, at 0.5±0.05 

light scattering.[4] The long atmospheric lifetime of COS makes it the major source of stratospheric sulfate, though sulfur dioxide from volcanic activity can be significant too.[4] Carbonyl sulfide is also removed from the atmosphere by terrestrial vegetation by enzymes associated with the uptake of carbon dioxide during photosynthesis, and by hydrolysis in ocean waters.[5][6][7]
Loss processes, such as these, limit the persistence (or lifetime) of a molecule of COS in the atmosphere to a few years.

The largest man-made sources of carbonyl sulfide release include its primary use as a chemical intermediate and as a byproduct of carbon disulfide production; however, it is also released from automobiles and their

synthesis gas, which are produced from sulfur-containing feedstocks.[10]

Carbonyl sulfide is present in

foodstuffs, such as cheese and prepared vegetables of the cabbage family. Traces of COS are naturally present in grains and seeds
in the range of 0.05–0.1 mg/kg.

Carbonyl sulfide has been observed in the

comet 67P[11] and in the atmosphere of Venus, where, because of the difficulty of producing COS inorganically, it is considered a possible indicator of life.[12]

Reactions and applications

Carbonyl sulfide is used as an intermediate in the production of thiocarbamate herbicides.[13]

The hydrolysis of carbonyl sulfide is promoted by chromium-based catalysts:[10]

COS + H2O → CO2 + H2S

This conversion is catalyzed in solution by carbonic anhydrase enzymes in plants and mammals. Because of this chemistry, the release of carbonyl sulfide from small organic molecules has been identified as a strategy for delivering hydrogen sulfide, which is gaseous signaling molecule.[14][15]

This compound is found to

origin of life.[16]

In ecosystem science, [17] are increasingly being used to describe the rate of photosynthesis.[18][19]

Synthesis

Carbonyl sulfide was first described in 1841,[20] but was apparently mischaracterized as a mixture of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide. Carl von Than first characterized the substance in 1867. It forms when carbon monoxide reacts with molten sulfur:

CO + 1/8 S8 → COS

This reaction reverses above 1200 K (930 °C; 1700 °F).

A laboratory synthesis entails the reaction potassium thiocyanate and sulfuric acid:

KSCN + 2 H2SO4 + H2O → KHSO4 + NH4HSO4 + COS

The resulting gas contains significant amounts of byproducts and requires purification.[21]

Hydrolysis of

isothiocyanates in hydrochloric acid
solution also affords COS.

Toxicity

As of 1994, limited information existed on the acute toxicity of carbonyl sulfide in humans and in animals.[13] High concentrations (above 1000 ppm) can cause sudden collapse, convulsions, and death from respiratory paralysis.[9][13] Occasional fatalities have been reported, practically without local irritation or olfactory warning.[13] In tests with rats, 50% animals died when exposed to 1400 ppm of COS for 90 minutes, or at 3000 ppm for 9 minutes.[13] Limited studies with laboratory animals also suggest that continued inhalation of low concentrations (around 50 ppm for up to 12 weeks) does not affect the lungs or the heart.[13]

Carbonyl sulfide is a potential alternative

methyl bromide and phosphine
. In some cases, however, residues on the grain result in flavours that are unacceptable to consumers, such as in barley used for brewing.

References

  1. ^
    ISBN 0-85404-438-8. p. 292. Electronic version.
  2. S2CID 1261238
    . eid D22302.
  3. doi:10.1029/GL003i002p00073
    .
  4. ^
    ISBN 978-1-60119-595-1
    .
  5. S2CID 206515456
    .
  6. doi:10.1029/2002JD002187
    .
  7. doi:10.1029/2006JD007665
    . eid D09302.
  8. doi:10.1029/93GL00972
    .
  9. ^ a b c "Carbonyl Sulfide CASRN: 463-58-1". Hazardous Substances Data Bank. National Library of Medicine.
  10. ^
    ISBN 3527306730
    .
  11. ^ Rosetta Blog. "OMET'S FIREWORK DISPLAY AHEAD OF PERIHELION". blogs.esa.int. European Space Agency. Retrieved 11 August 2015.
  12. Bibcode:2003JBIS...56..250L
    .
  13. ^ a b c d e f "Chemical Summary for Carbonyl Sulfide". U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2013-07-19.
  14. PMID 27218691
    .
  15. doi:10.1016/1352-2310(96)00026-X
    .
  16. S2CID 11819295
    .
  17. YouTube
    .
  18. S2CID 205255121
    .
  19. ISSN 1752-0908
    .
  20. doi:10.1002/prac.18410230105
    .
  21. doi:10.1021/cr50016a002
    .
  22. PMID 16139940
    .

Further reading

External links
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Carbonyl_sulfide&oldid=1219460669"