Cardigan (song)

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"Cardigan"
A black-and-white-filtered picture of Swift looking towards the camera while hugging her knees
Single by Taylor Swift
from the album Folklore
ReleasedJuly 27, 2020 (2020-07-27)
Studio
Genre
Length3:59
LabelRepublic
Songwriter(s)
Producer(s)Aaron Dessner
Taylor Swift singles chronology
"The Man"
(2020)
"Cardigan"
(2020)
"Exile"
(2020)
Music video
"Cardigan" on
YouTube

"Cardigan" (stylized in

all lowercase) is a song by the American singer-songwriter Taylor Swift and the lead single from her eighth studio album, Folklore (2020). Republic Records released the song on July 27, 2020. Written by Swift and its producer, Aaron Dessner, "Cardigan" is a folk, soft rock, and indie rock ballad
, with a stripped-down arrangement of a piano, drums, and violins.

The song's lyrics discuss a romance lost in memories, from the perspective of a female narrator named Betty, one of the several fictitious characters narrated in Folklore. An accompanying music video, written, directed, and styled by Swift, was released alongside the album launch. The video has been described as following a cottagecore aesthetic, featuring Swift in three different settings: a "cozy cabin" in the woods, a moss-covered forest, and a dark stormy sea, which represents the concept of the different phases in relationships. "Cardigan" was praised by music critics for its poetic songwriting and laid-back sound. It received nominations for Song of the Year and Best Pop Solo Performance at the 63rd Annual Grammy Awards. An acoustic version of the song, branded as "Cabin in Candlelight", was also released.

Commercially, "Cardigan" debuted atop the global

charts, making Swift the first act in history to garner twenty chart-toppers on the latter. It reached number one in Australia, the top ten in Canada, Ireland, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, and the United Kingdom, and the top 20 in Denmark, Estonia, Lithuania and Scotland.

Production and release

The American singer-songwriter

digital files to create the album.[5]

"Cardigan" was the first song Swift and Dessner wrote in their collaboration and for Folklore. It was based on one of Dessner's instrumentals called "Maple".[6][7] "Cardigan" has the same music as the instrumental, but with added orchestration written by his brother Bryce. On April 27, 2020, Aaron Dessner sent a folder of instrumentals to Swift that included it. After hearing "Maple", she sent a voice memo to him and they wrote the song in five hours.[8] "Cardigan" was recorded by Aaron Dessner and Jonathan Low at Long Pond in Hudson Valley. Its vocals were recorded by Laura Sisk at Swift's home studio (Kitty Committee) in Los Angeles. The track was mixed by Low at Long Pond and mastered by Randy Merrill at Sterling Sound in New York.[9]

On July 23, 2020, Swift announced Folklore and its release date at midnight. Out of the 16 songs, "Cardigan" is placed at number two. The song was released on July 24, alongside an accompanied music video posted on YouTube.[10] "Cardigan" serves as the lead single for Folklore;[11] Universal Music Group sent the track to Italian radio on July 27,[12] and Republic Records serviced it on US pop[13] and adult pop radio formats the next day.[14] A demo version of the song subtitled "Cabin in Candlelight" was also released on July 30; it was an exclusive that lasted for a day.[15]

Music and lyrics

"Cardigan" is a wistful, slow-burning,

August" and "Betty".[24]

In the song, Swift sings from the perspective of a fictional character named Betty, who recalls the separation and enduring optimism of a relationship with someone named James.

1989 (2014).[19]

Critical reception

Callie Ahlgrim of

Vulture.com characterized "Cardigan" as "adorable, and yet, again, hurtful".[31]

The

Complex listed the song at number 21 on its ranking of best songs of 2020, highlighting Swift's evolved songwriting.[37]

Commercial performance

On Spotify, "Cardigan" debuted with over 7.742 million streams, garnering the biggest opening day for any song in 2020.[38][a] It remained atop of the chart for four consecutive days, as of July 27, 2020.[40] Following the inauguration of Billboard Global 200 chart seven weeks after the release of Folklore, "Cardigan" appeared at number 77 on the chart, dated September 19, 2020.[41]

On the US

Hot Alternative Songs and Hot Rock & Alternative Songs charts.[44]

In Australia, "Cardigan" debuted at number one on the

ARIA Singles Chart, becoming Swift's sixth chart-topping single in the country, and her first chart-topping single since "Look What You Made Me Do" (2017). It was one of five songs that debuted in the top 10 in the country, making Folklore the album with the most top-10 songs of 2020 in the country.[45] It also debuted at number two on New Zealand's Top 40 Singles chart, along with "The 1" and "Exile" in the top 10.[46][47]

On the

Official Singles Chart, opening with over 35,000 units.[50] "Exile" and "The 1" also debuted in the top 10, taking Swift's total UK top-10s to sixteen, while making her the sixth woman in UK history to have three top-10 songs simultaneously.[51]

Outside of the English-speaking world, "Cardigan" topped the singles chart in the Netherlands,[52] reached number two in Malaysia[53] and Singapore,[54] and entered the top 20 in Denmark,[55] Estonia,[56] Lithuania,[57] and Scotland.[58]

Music video

Synopsis

A scene in the music video, where Swift plays a moss-covered piano, from which a waterfall emerges. The video prominently incorporates cottagecore visuals.

An official

Battle of Guadalcanal, and a painting that she created during the first week of COVID-19 isolation.[59] When the soundboard emanates golden sparkles, she climbs into it and finds herself magically transported to a moss-covered forest, where she plays the song on a grand piano producing a waterfall.[60][61]

The piano bench begins to glow, Swift climbs into it again and is then carried to a dark, stormy, turbulent sea, where she holds on to a floating piano. [3][61] The piano soundboard glows and she climbs in, and she returns to the cottage, where she dons a cardigan. According to a video posted to her Vevo account, the forest scene "represents the evergreen beginning of a relationship where everything seems magical and full of beauty", while the ocean scene "represents the isolation and fear involved while a relationship is breaking down." The video also states the ending scene "signifies returning to a sense of self after experiencing love loss", a journey of self-discovery; Swift's soaking-wet nightgown signifies how the relationship changes the individual.[59] The music video is characterized by a prairie, cottagecore aesthetic.[60]

Production

She had the whole storyline—the whole notion of going into the piano and coming out into the forest, the water, going back into the piano.

The music video was inspired by the

COVID-19 lockdown.[59] She contacted cinematographer Rodrigo Prieto in early July to work on the video; Prieto had previously worked on the music video for "The Man".[61] As the director, Swift worked with assistant director Joe Osborne and set designer Ethan Tobman. Swift developed the concept for the video, which Prieto described as "more ambiguous", "more personal", and "more of a fantasy" than "The Man". Ahead of filming, Swift drafted a shot list of the video, detailing the video's scenes with specific time sequences in the song, and sent visual references to Prieto and Tobman to communicate her vision of the video.[61]

The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic presented many challenges to filming, and extensive safety standards were enacted. All crew members underwent COVID-19 testing, wore masks at all times, and practiced social distancing as much as possible.[61] An onsite medical inspector supervised COVID-19 health and safety guidelines.[62] As Swift had to remain unmasked for large amounts of time while filming, crew members wore color-coded wristbands to denote those allowed to come within close contact with her. Additionally, the entire video was filmed from a camera mounted to a robotic arm controlled by a remote operator, a technique usually reserved for crane shots and establishing shots.[61]

Aside from directing and acting, Swift also did her own makeup, hair, and styling for the video.[62] To keep the song from being leaked, Swift wore an earpiece and lip-synced to the song. The video was filmed indoors over a day and-a-half.[61] Swift and the video's editor, Chancler Haynes, "worked simultaneously from two separate locations on set in order to edit the video on time".[59]

Fashion and aesthetic

Accompanying the release of Folklore and "Cardigan", Swift sold "folklore

James Thomas Brudenell, Coco Chanel, Kurt Cobain and Elizabeth II.[69] The cottagecore aesthetic was met with resurgence on internet following the release of the video and the album.[70]

Awards and nominations

"Cardigan" has received three awards and 14 nominations. The song won

Best Pop Solo Performance at the 63rd Annual Grammy Awards, marking Swift's fifth song to be nominated for Song of the Year and the fourth in Best Pop Solo Performance.[72]

Awards and nominations for "Cardigan"
Ceremony Year Award Result Ref.
MTV Video Music Awards 2020 Song of the Summer Nominated
UK Music Video Awards 2020 Best Visual Effects in a Video Nominated
American Music Awards 2020
Favorite Music Video
Won
MVPA Awards 2020 Best Visual Effects in a Video Nominated
Nickelodeon Kid's Choice Awards
2021 Favorite Song Nominated
Grammy Awards
2021 Song of the Year Nominated
Best Pop Solo Performance Nominated
ADG Excellence in Production Design Award
2021 Short Format: Web Series, Music Video or Commercial Nominated
iHeartRadio Music Awards 2021 Best Lyrics Nominated
RTHK International Pop Poll Awards
2021 Top 10 International Gold Song Won
Super Gold Song Won
AICP Awards 2021 Editorial: Music Videos Nominated
Myx Music Awards
2021 International Video of the Year Nominated
Nashville Songwriters Association International 2021 Ten Songs I Wish I'd Written Won
BMI awards 2022 Best Performed Song of the Year Won

Live performances and covers

A wooden, triangular, hut-like structure.
The house-like set piece above which Swift performed "Cardigan" at the 63rd Annual Grammy Awards. She sang the song seated on the right roof.

Swift performed "Cardigan" in her 2020 concert documentary film, Folklore: The Long Pond Studio Sessions, alongside all of the other tracks on Folklore.[89] She performed a shortened version of "Cardigan" at the 63rd Annual Grammy Awards, as part of a medley with "August" and "Willow" (2020), in a cottagecore setting featuring a moss-covered cabin inside a forest, accompanied by the collaborators Dessner and Jack Antonoff.[90][91] Pitchfork's Cat Zhang named the performance as one of the show's best moments. She praised Swift's vocals and the enchanted forest theme of the staging, and dubbed Swift's look for the performance as a "benevolent fairy princess in a kingdom of dwarves".[92] The Washington Post listed Swift's performance as the sixth best of the show, highlighting its Folklore-inspired special effects, such as "woodsy, mystical aesthetic" and "haunted-looking trees and glittering gold lights".[93] The Billboard critic Heran Mamo called it a "Lord of the Rings-meets-Twilight fantasy", and ranked it the fourth best performance of the evening.[94] Rolling Stone's Rob Sheffield ranked Swift's performance as the foremost reason "we loved the 2021 Grammys",[95] and listed it as one of the top-five greatest Grammy performances of all time.[96] The song was included on the set list of the Eras Tour (2023–2024).[97]

In October 2020, the English singer-songwriter

cellist and two violinists, resulting in a cheerful, strings-laden performance. Swift responded to the medley affirmatively.[98][99] In July 2021, the Australian alternative rock band Something for Kate covered "Cardigan" as well, for a segment called Like a Version on Australian national radio station Triple J. The band stayed true to the song's original arrangement.[100][101]

Track listing

  1. "Cardigan" – 4:00
  • CD, 7" vinyl, 12" vinyl and picture disc[104]
  1. "Cardigan" – 4:00
  2. "Songwriting Voice Memo" – 4:33
  • CD, digital download, streaming, 7" vinyl and 12" vinyl (cabin in candlelight version)[103][104][105]
  1. "Cardigan" (cabin in candlelight version) – 3:48
  2. "Cardigan" – 4:00

Credits and personnel

Song

Credits adapted from the liner notes of "Cardigan".[9]

Music video

Credits adapted from YouTube.[106]

  • Taylor Swift – direction
  • Jil Hardin – production
  • Rebecca Skinner – executive production
  • Rodrigo Prieto – photography direction
  • Chancler Haynes – editing
  • Ethan Tobman – production design
  • Joe Osborne – 1st associate direction
  • Grant Miller – visual effects
  • David Lebensfeld – visual effects
  • Josh Davis –
    gaffing
  • Ryan Mcquire – key grip
  • Vincent Lucido – storyboards

Charts

Certifications

Certifications for "Cardigan"
Region Certification Certified units/sales
Australia (ARIA)[145] 4× Platinum 280,000
Canada (Music Canada)[146] 2× Platinum 160,000
Denmark (IFPI Danmark)[147] Gold 45,000
France (
SNEP)[148]
Gold 100,000
Italy (FIMI)[149] Gold 50,000
New Zealand (RMNZ)[150] Platinum 30,000
Norway (IFPI Norway)[151] Gold 30,000
Poland (ZPAV)[152] Platinum 50,000
Portugal (AFP)[153] 5× Platinum 50,000
Spain (PROMUSICAE)[154] Platinum 60,000
United Kingdom (BPI)[155] Platinum 600,000
United States (RIAA)[156] Platinum 1,000,000
Streaming
Greece (IFPI Greece)[157] Gold 1,000,000

Sales+streaming figures based on certification alone.
Streaming-only figures based on certification alone.

Release history

Release dates and formats for "Cardigan"
Region Date Format(s) Version Label Ref.
Various July 27, 2020 Original Republic [104]
Italy
Radio airplay
Universal [12]
United States
Hot adult contemporary
Republic [14]
July 28, 2020 Contemporary hit radio [13]
Various July 30, 2020
  • 7-inch single
  • 12-inch single
  • CD single
  • digital download
  • streaming
Cabin in Candlelight [158][159]

See also

Footnotes

  1. ^ On August 22, 2020, BTS's "Dynamite" broke this record by a margin of 36,000 streams. "Cardigan" remained as 2020's biggest opening day for a song by a solo or female artist.[39]

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