Carey McWilliams (journalist)

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This article is about the American journalist. For other uses, see Carey McWilliams.

Carey McWilliams
Investigative journalist
, author, editor
Alma materUniversity of Southern California, School of Law

Carey McWilliams (December 13, 1905 – June 27, 1980) was an American author, editor, and lawyer. He is best known for his writings about California politics and culture, including the condition of migrant

internment of Japanese Americans during World War II. From 1955 to 1975, he edited The Nation
magazine.

Early years

McWilliams was born December 13, 1905, in

cattle rancher and also a State Senator. His father died three months before he graduated from Wolfe Hall Military Academy in 1921.[1] He attended University of Denver but was asked to leave during his Freshman year for "celebrating St. Patrick's Day too enthusiastically." He first came to California in 1922, a day or two later.[2]

McWilliams attended the University of Southern California from which he obtained a law degree in 1927.[3]

From 1927 to 1938, McWilliams practiced law in Los Angeles[3] at Black, Hammock & Black. Some of his cases, including his defense of striking Mexican citrus workers, prefigured his later writing.

During the 1920s and early 1930s, McWilliams joined a loose network of mostly Southern California writers that included

H.L. Mencken. Mencken provided an outlet for McWilliams's early journalism and floated the idea for his first book, a 1929 biography of popular writer and sometime Californian Ambrose Bierce
.

During the 1940s, McWilliams lived in

Echo Park, California, a neighborhood[4] of Los Angeles. He owned his home at 2041 Alvarado Street until the 1970s, well after he moved to New York in 1951.[5]

Political activity and publications

The Depression and the rise of European fascism in the 1930s radicalized McWilliams. He began working with left-wing political and legal organizations, including the American Civil Liberties Union and the National Lawyers Guild. He also wrote for Pacific Weekly, Controversy, The Nation, and other progressive magazines. He continued to represent workers in and around Los Angeles, helped organize unions and guilds, and served as a trial examiner for the new National Labor Relations Board.

McWilliams's activism took many forms. In the early 1940s, he helped overturn the convictions of mostly Latino youths following the so-called Sleepy Lagoon murder trial. He also helped cool the city's temperature during the Zoot Suit Riots of 1943, when scuffles between servicemen and Latino youths spun out of control.

Once out of government, McWilliams became an outspoken critic of the removal and

internment of Japanese American citizens and almost immediately began writing an exposé on the topic. Published in 1944, Prejudice: Japanese-Americans: Symbol of Racial Intolerance was cited by Justice Frank Murphy in his dissenting opinion in Korematsu v. United States, the Supreme Court decision that upheld the constitutionality of the exclusion.[6]

His first bestseller, Factories in the Field, appeared in 1939 and ranks among his most enduring works. Published within months of

California's Division of Immigration and Housing. Over his four-year term (1938-1942), he focused on improving agricultural working conditions and wages, but his hopes for major reform deteriorated with the advent of World War II
.

McWilliams left his government post in 1942, when incoming Governor

US Supreme Court the following decade. No such conversion occurred in his attitude toward another California politician, Richard Nixon
, whom McWilliams described in 1950 as "a dapper little man with an astonishing capacity for petty malice."

After leaving the state government, McWilliams continued to write prolifically. He turned his attention to issues of racial and ethnic equality, writing a series of important books (including Brothers Under the Skin, Prejudice, North from Mexico, and A Mask for Privilege) that dealt with the treatment of immigrant and minority groups. He also produced two regional portraits, Southern California Country: An Island on the Land (1946, American Folkways series) and California: The Great Exception (1949), which many aficionados still regard as the finest interpretive histories of those areas. Decades after its publication, Southern California Country inspired Robert Towne's Oscar-winning original screenplay for Chinatown (1974).[7]

In 1951, McWilliams moved to New York City to work at The Nation under editor

Hell's Angels: A Strange and Terrible Saga
(1967).

Accusations of communist sympathies

Witch Hunt (1950) was an early attempt to combat

Custodial Detention List
, making him a candidate for detention in case of national emergency even though McWilliams was serving in the state government at the time.

Several years later, a group of Los Angeles screenwriters, directors, and producers known as the

Hollywood Ten was cited for contempt of Congress after refusing to answer a House committee's questions about Communist Party membership. McWilliams drafted a Supreme Court amicus brief for two of them, John Howard Lawson and Dalton Trumbo
. (The Court declined to hear their appeal.)

McWilliams and Bay of Pigs story

McWilliams was the first American reporter to reveal that the

CIA was training a group of Cuban exiles in Guatemala for the Bay of Pigs Invasion.[9] His article for The Nation, "Are We Training Cuban Guerrillas?", was published in November 1960, during the Eisenhower Administration, five months before the invasion occurred.[10]

The story was largely ignored by major newspapers like

Arthur M. Schlesinger, Jr., an aide to President John F. Kennedy, pressured The New Republic not to run a story about the guerrilla force.[12] Following the failure of the invasion, Kennedy expressed regret that more information about the invasion plan was not published by telling Times reporter Turner Catledge, "If you had printed more about the operation, you would have saved us from a colossal mistake."[13]

Death and legacy

McWilliams died in New York City on June 27, 1980, at 74.[14] Since his death, his critical fortunes have risen steadily. The American Political Science Association gives an annual Carey McWilliams Award "to honor a major journalistic contribution to our understanding of politics." In Embattled Dreams (2002), California historian Kevin Starr calls McWilliams "the single finest nonfiction on California–ever," and biographer Peter Richardson maintains that McWilliams might be the most versatile American public intellectual of the twentieth century.[15]

His first son,

VAGIANT Boston.[citation needed
]

McWilliams's papers are housed in the

Special Collections at the University of California, Los Angeles.[1]

Works

References

  1. ^ a b "McWilliams (Carey) Papers". Online Archive of California. Retrieved June 15, 2023.
  2. ISBN 978-0-87905-007-8
    .
  3. ^ a b Francis X. Gannon, Biographical Dictionary of the Left: Volume 1. Boston: Western Islands Publishers, 1969; pp. 452–454.
  4. ^ "Central L.A."
  5. ^ Richardson, Peter. "Carey McWilliams: Local Hero, American Prophet". Echo Park Historical Society. Retrieved August 27, 2015.
  6. ^ Richardson, Peter. "Carey McWilliams". Densho Encyclopedia. Retrieved August 28, 2014.
  7. ISBN 978-0472115242
    .
  8. ^ Lykes, M. Brinton et al (eds). 1996. Myths about The Powerless: Contesting Social Inequalities. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, page 354.
  9. ^ Carey McWilliams, The Education of Carey McWilliams 228 (Simon & Schuster 1978).
  10. ^ Are We Training Cuban Guerrillas?, 191 The Nation 378 (November 19, 1960).
  11. ^ Montague Kern et al., The Kennedy Crises: The Press, The Presidency and Foreign Policy 105-06 (Univ. of N.C. Press 1983).
  12. ^ Id.
  13. ^ Carey McWilliams, The Education of Carey McWilliams 229 (Simon & Schuster 1978).
  14. ^ Online Archive of California
  15. ISBN 978-0472115242
    .

Further reading

External links

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