Carl Hagenbeck

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
Carl Hagenbeck
Hamburg, Germany
NationalityGerman
Known for
SpouseAmanda (n. Mehrman)
Children2
ParentClaus Gottfried Carl Hagenbeck
Hagenbeck with his lions

Carl Hagenbeck (10 June 1844 – 14 April 1913) was a

Stellingen district in 1907.[3]

Biography

Hagenbeck was born on 10 June 1844, to Claus Gottfried Carl Hagenbeck (1810–1887), a fishmonger who ran a side business buying, showing, and selling exotic animals.[10]

When Hagenbeck was 14, his father gave him some

Sámi people (then known as Laplanders) as "purely natural" populations, with their tents, weapons, sleds, near a group of reindeer.[12][13]

In 1875, Hagenbeck began to exhibit his animals in all the large cities of Europe as well as in the United States, merging his interests in commercial success, the preservation and "acclimatization" of animals, and bringing the "exotic" to industrializing countries.[14]

In 1876, he sent a collaborator to the Egyptian Sudan to bring back some wild beasts and Nubians. The Nubian exhibit was a success in Europe, and toured Paris, London, and Berlin.[12] In 1880, his agent Johan Adrian Jacobsen recruited a group of eight Labrador Inuit. The group toured Hamburg, Berlin, Prague, Frankfurt, Darmstadt, Krefeld and Paris. One member of the group, Abraham Ulrikab, kept a diary during his travels in Europe. All eight Inuit were killed by smallpox.

Hagenbeck's exhibit of human beings, considered as "

Jardin d'acclimatation in Paris. Saint-Hilaire organized in 1877 two "ethnological exhibitions", presenting Nubians and Greenlandic Inuit to the public, thereby doubling the number of visitors of the zoo.[12]

Portrait of Carl Hagenbeck in his Zoo by Lovis Corinth (1911), oil on canvas, 200 × 271 cm, Hamburger Kunsthalle, Hamburg, Germany

Hagenbeck also trained animals for his circuses at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, Illinois, in 1893, and the Louisiana Purchase Exposition in St. Louis in 1904. Hagenbeck's circus was one of the most popular attractions. His collection included large animals and reptiles. Many of the animals were trained to do tricks. The circus that Hagenbeck assembled for the Louisiana Purchase Expo was purchased and merged into the B. E. Wallace Circus as the Hagenbeck–Wallace Circus. Hagenbeck's trained animals also performed at amusement parks in New York City's Coney Island before 1914.

Hagenbeck planned a permanent exhibit where animals could live in surroundings like their natural homes. Despite the existence of the Zoological Garden of Hamburg, Hagenbeck opened his great zoo, the Tierpark Hagenbeck at Stellingen, near Hamburg in 1907.[11]

In 1909–1910 he supervised the building of the Giardino Zoologico in Rome. Today his ideas are followed by most large zoos.

In 1905, Hagenbeck used his skills as an animal collector to capture a thousand camels for the German Empire for use in Africa. He described his adventures and his methods of capturing and training animals in his book Beasts and Men, published in 1909.

Hagenbeck was one of the first Europeans to report living dinosaurs.[15] In Beasts and Men Hagenbeck claimed he had received reports of "a huge monster, half elephant, half dragon" inhabiting the interior of Rhodesia. Hagenbeck thought the animal was some kind of dinosaur similar to a brontosaurus and unsuccessfully searched for it. His claim made headlines in newspapers around the world and helped launch legends of living dinosaurs.[16]

Hagenbeck died on 14 April 1913 in Hamburg from a bite by a snake, probably a boomslang.[1] After Hagenbeck's death, his sons Heinrich and Lorenz continued the zoo and circus business; the Hamburg zoo still retains his name.

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Carl Hagenbeck. Famous Animal Dealer and Exhibitor Dies in Hamburg". The New York Times. April 14, 1913. Archived from the original on 2018-07-28. Retrieved 2008-07-22. Carl Hagenbeck, the animal collector and senior partner of the ... menagerie and park at Stellingen, near Hamburg died to-day.
  2. ^ "Hagenbeck Tierpark und Tropen-Aquarium". Zoo and Aquarium Visitor. Archived from the original on 2009-12-21. Retrieved 2008-07-22. The founder and his idea Carl Hagenbeck built what no other dared dream of. In 1907, the Hamburg man opened the first barless zoo in the world. As early as the end of the nineteenth century, this son of a fishmonger had the idea of showing animals no longer caged up but in open viewing enclosures. In his zoo of the future, nothing more than unseen ditches were to separate wild animals from members of the public. Carl Hagenbeck patented this idea in 1896. Nine years later his dream was to come true in the Stellingen district of Hamburg. The revolutionary open viewing enclosures and panoramas were in fact ridiculed in professional circles but took the public's breath away. Hagenbeck's zoo is considered to have prepared the way for today's wildlife adventure parks.
  3. ^
    ISBN 978-0-295-98833-7
    .
  4. ^ https://www.dw.com/en/carl-hagenbeck-the-inventor-of-the-modern-animal-park/a-49106027
  5. ^ https://www.dw.com/en/human-zoos-when-people-were-the-exhibits/a-37748193
  6. ^ https://www.rmpbs.org/blogs/rocky-mountain-pbs/the-harmful-legacy-of-human-zoos/
  7. ^ https://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/the-racist-human-zoos-that-time-forgot-a7425286.html
  8. ^ https://cemeteriesroute.eu/projects/stories/the-human-zoo.aspx
  9. ^ "Managing Love and Death at the Zoo: The Biopolitics of Endangered Species Preservation" Archived 2012-11-24 at the Wayback Machine, Australian Humanities Review, Issue 50, May 2011
  10. ^ a b 46;Nigel Rothfels, Savages and Beasts: The Birth of the Modern Zoo. (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 2002)
  11. ^ a b Chisholm 1911.
  12. ^ a b c Human Zoos Archived 2020-11-27 at the Wayback Machine, by Nicolas Bancel, Pascal Blanchard [fr] and Sandrine Lemaire, in Le Monde diplomatique, August 2000 French Archived 2014-04-05 at the Wayback Machine
  13. ^ Savages and Beasts - The Birth of the Modern Zoo Archived 2012-06-29 at archive.today, Nigel Rothfels, Johns Hopkins University Press
  14. ^ Daum. Wissenschaftspopularisierung. p. 412.
  15. ISBN 978-0-231-15320-1
    .
  16. ISBN 978-1-315-18466-1
    .

Further reading

External links

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