Carmel Formation
Carmel Formation | |
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Stratigraphic range: | |
Temple Cap Formation, Nugget Sandstone | |
Thickness | From 200 feet (60 m) to 1,000 feet (300 m)[1] |
Lithology | |
Primary | Mudstone |
Other | Sandstone, siltstone, limestone |
Location | |
Coordinates | 37°15′04″N 112°39′47″W / 37.251°N 112.663°W |
Region | Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, north east Arizona and New Mexico |
Country | US |
Type section | |
Named for | Mount Carmel |
Named by | Gilluly and Reeside |
Year defined | 1928 |
The Carmel Formation is a
Description
The Carmel Formation consists of up to 1,000 feet (300 m) of
In the type area of southern Utah, the Carmel Formation is divided into the Judd Hollow Member, a basal limestone member; the Crystal Creek Member, mostly mudstone and siltstone, which grades into the Page Sandstone to the east; the Paria River Member, which is also siltstone and mudstone but is separated from the Crystal Creek Member by gypsum beds; and the Winsor Member, which is mudstone, sandstone, and siltstone separated from the Paria River by a basal limestone. Further east, the limestone marker bed pinches out, and the Winsor Member and Paria River Member become indistinguishable and are informally termed the upper member. The upper member contains
The formation preserves a Jurassic
Subunits
Members (alphabetical):
- Co-op Creek Limestone Member (UT) (in place of the preempted name Kolob Limestone Member)[6]
- Crystal Creek Member (UT)[6]
- Homestake Limestone Member (UT*)[7]
- Judd Hollow Member (AZ*, UT*) or Judd Hollow Tongue (AZ*, UT*)[2]
- Paria River Member (UT*)[8]
- Wiggler Wash Member (UT*)[8]
- Winsor Member (UT*)[8]
(Asterisks mean the name is used by the
History of investigation
In 1928 Gilluly and Reeside stated an intent to name the formation after the village of Mount Carmel, Utah but did not give a type locality. They noted it as a basal formation in the San Rafael Group in San Rafael Swell, in Emery County, Utah.[10] An overview along with a type locality and source of name was stated by Gregory and Moore in 1931.[11] Mackin revised the formation's description and assigned the Homestake Limestone Member to it in 1954.[12] Harshbarger and others created an overview in 1957.[13] Its eastern areal limits were described by Wright and others in 1962.[14] In 1963, western areal limits along with an overview were completed by Schultz and Wright.[15] Another revision was done by Phoenix in 1963 who also added a Judd Hollow Tongue member.[16] Isotopic dating was conducted by Marvin and others in 1965. The Kolob, Crystal Creek, Paria River, Winsor, and Wiggler Wash members were assigned by Thompson and Stokes in 1970. Areal limits were adjusted by O'Sullivan and Craig in 1973[17] and again in 1983 by Blakey and others.[3] An overview was completed by Chapman in 1989.[4] Hintze and others conducted isotopic dating and created an overview in 1994.[18]
Paleontological finds
There have been a number of paleontological finds within the Carmel Formation. Among these have been
Hardground mollusc community
The formation preserves a rare Jurassic hardground interpreted as a carbonate
Bryozoans
Bryozoans found within the Carmel Formation include seven species of calcareous
Gallery
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Cross-section of a carbonatebivalves (Gastrochaenolites)
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Mount Carmel Junction, Utah.
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Ripplemarks in abiosparite/grainstone from the Carmel Formation, southwestern Utah.
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Ooidsand crinoid columnals (Isocrinus nicoleti) on the surface of Carmel Formation limestone.
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Ostreolith ("oyster ball") from the Carmel Formation, southwestern Utah.
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Trace fossil Gyrochorte from the Carmel Formation (Middle Jurassic) of SW Utah.
Places found
Geologic Province:[9]
- Black Mesa Basin*[21]
- Capitol Reef National Park
- Great Basin province*[2]
- Green River Basin*[22]
- Paradox Basin*[2]
- Plateau sedimentary province*[2]
- San Juan Basin[21]
- Uinta Basin*
- Uinta Uplift*
References
- ^ a b "Carmel Formation (in San Rafael Group)". 6 September 2015. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 6 September 2015.
- ^ doi:10.3133/pp1035B.
- ^ a b c Blakey, R.C.; Peterson, Fred; Caputo, M.V.; Voorhees, B.J.; Geddes, D.J.; Geesaman, R.C. (1983). "Paleogeography of Middle Jurassic continental, shoreline, and shallow marine sedimentation, southern Utah". Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Rocky Mountain Section, Rocky Mountain Paleogeography Symposium. 2: 77–100. Retrieved 26 October 2021.
- ^ .
- ^ .
- ^ a b Doelling, H.H.; Davis, F.D. (1989). "The geology of Kane County, Utah". Utah Geological and Mineral Survey Bulletin. 124. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
- hdl:2346/64975.
- ^ a b c Thompson, A.E.; Stokes, W.L. (1970). "Stratigraphy of the San Rafael Group, southwest and south central Utah". Utah Geological and Mineral Survey Bulletin. 87.
- ^ a b GEOLEX database entry for Carmel, USGS (viewed 20 March 2006)
- doi:10.3133/pp150D.
- .
- doi:10.3133/mf14.
- doi:10.3133/pp291.
- .
- doi:10.3133/pp450E.
- doi:10.3133/b1137.
- doi:10.3133/pp525B.
- ^ Hintze, L.F.; Anderson, R.E.; Embree, G.F. (1994). "Geologic map of the Motoqua and Gunlock quadrangles, Washington County, Utah". U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Investigations Series Map. I-2427. Retrieved 26 October 2021.
- ^ .
- .
- ^ a b O'Sullivan, R.B.; Craig, L.C. (1973). "Jurassic rocks of northeast Arizona and adjacent areas" (PDF). New Mexico Geological Society Field Conference Guidebook. 24: 79–85. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
- ^ Rowley, P.D.; Hansen, W.R. (1979). "Geologic map of the Plug Hat quadrangle, Moffat County, Colorado". U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Quadrangle Map. GQ-1514. Retrieved 25 October 2021.
External links
- Media related to Carmel Formation at Wikimedia Commons