Carmel Indians
The Carmel Indians (pronounced Car'-mul) are a group of
Melungeon DNA Project belong to Haplogroup E-M2.[2] The group were listed as free Black and Mulatto in Kentucky prior to the American Civil War.[3]
[4]
As researcher Paul Heinegg (1997) has documented the ancestry of the majority of the
mixed-race children of early unions during the colonial period between white women, indentured servant or free, and African men, indentured servant, free, or enslaved. This was before the racial caste had hardened and, on small farms, white and black workers lived near each other and associated. According to the law, children were born into the social status of their mothers, by the principle of partus sequitur ventrem, adopted in the 17th-century Virginia colony. Since the mothers were white and free, their children were free born.[5]
References
- ^ Price, Edward Thomas, Jr. 1950 "The Mixed-blood Strain of Carmel, Ohio, and Magoffin County, Kentucky", Ohio Journal of Science 50(6):281-290.
- ^ Melungeon Core Y DNA Project
- ^ “Magoffin County (KY) Enslaved, Free Blacks, and Free Mulattoes, 1860-1880,” Notable Kentucky African Americans Database, accessed September 1, 2023, https://nkaa.uky.edu/nkaa/items/show/2447.
- ^ “Morgan County (KY) Enslaved, Free Blacks, and Free Mulattoes, 1850-1870,” Notable Kentucky African Americans Database, accessed September 1, 2023, https://nkaa.uky.edu/nkaa/items/show/2484.
- ^ Heinegg, Paul, 1997-2005, Free African Americans of North Carolina and Virginia (3rd edition). Clearfield Company, Inc., Baltimore, Maryland. Also on the web at Paul Heinegg, http://www.freeafricanamericans.com