Carnivoramorpha
| Carnivoramorpha | |
|---|---|
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| Diversity of Carnivoramorpha | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Mammalia |
| Mirorder: | Ferae |
| Clade: | Pan-Carnivora
|
| Clade: | Carnivoramorpha Wyss & Flynn, 1993[1] |
| Subgroups | |
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[see classification]
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| Synonyms | |
Carnivoramorpha ("carnivoran-like forms") is a
General characteristics
The common feature for members of this clade is the presence of the carnassial teeth. The carnassial teeth of the Carnivoramorpha are upper premolar P4 and lower molar m1.[6]
skull of wolf
skull of Viverravus minutus
skull of Vulpavus profectus
Classification and phylogeny
Traditional classification
- Clade: Carnivoramorpha (Wyss & Flynn, 1993) [Carnivora + all Creodonts]
- Order: Carnivora (Bowdich, 1821) (carnivorans)
- Suborder: Caniformia (Kretzoi, 1943) ("dog-like" carnivorans)
- Suborder: Feliformia (Kretzoi, 1945) ("cat-like" carnivorans)
- Incertae sedis:
- Genus: †Palaeogale (von Meyer, 1846)
- Superfamily: †Miacoidea (Cope, 1880)
- Family: †Miacidae (Cope, 1880)
- Family: †Viverravidae (Wortman & Matthew, 1899)
- Incertae sedis:
- †"Sinopa" insectivorus (Cope, 1872)
- Incertae sedis:
- Genus: †Ravenictis (Fox & Youzwyshyn, 1994)
- †Carnivoramorpha sp. (UALVP 31176) (Fox & Youzwyshyn, 1994)
- Order: Carnivora (Bowdich, 1821) (carnivorans)
Revised classification
Recent phylogenetic studies indicate that the superfamily
Carnivoraformes within Carnivoramorpha, containing carnivorans and "miacids" but not viverravids.[7] The authors defined Carnivoraformes as the clade containing Carnivora and all taxa that are more closely related to Carnivora (represented by Canis lupus) than to viverravids (represented by Viverravus gracilis
).
- Clade: Carnivoramorpha (Wyss & Flynn, 1993)
- Clade: Carnivoraformes(Flynn, 2010) [= Clade "A"]
- Genus: †Africtis (Mattingly, 2020)
- Genus: †Dawsonicyon (Spaulding, Flynn & Stucky, 2010)
- Genus: †Miacis (Cope, 1872)
- (unranked): Clade "B"
- Family: †Quercygalidae (Kretzoi, 1945)
- (unranked): †Gracilocyon/Oodectes clade
- Genus: †Eogale (Beard & Dawson, 2009)
- Genus: †Gracilocyon (paraphyletic genus) (Smith & Smith, 2010)
- Genus: †Oodectes (paraphyletic genus) (Wortman, 1901)
- Genus: †Paramiacis (Mathis, 1985)
- Genus: †Paroodectes (Springhorn, 1980)
- Incertae sedis:
- †"Miacis" sp. [CM 67873 & CM 77299] (Beard & Dawson, 2009)
- Genus: †Messelogale (Springhorn, 2000)
- Genus: †Miocyon (Matthew, 1909)
- Genus: †Simamphicyon (Viret, 1942)
- Genus: †Uintacyon (paraphyletic genus) (Leidy, 1872)
- Genus: †Xinyuictis (Zheng, 1975)
- Genus: †Zodiocyon (Tong & Wang, 2006)
- (unranked): Clade "C"
- Genus: †Dormaalocyon (Solé, 2014)
- (unranked): †Vulpavus clade
- Genus: †Palaearctonyx (Matthew, 1909)
- Genus: †Vassacyon (Matthew, 1909)
- Genus: †Vulpavus (paraphyletic genus) (Marsh, 1871)
- Incertae sedis:
- †"Miacis" deutschi (Gingerich, 1983)
- †"Miacis" exiguus (Matthew & Granger, 1915)
- (unranked): Clade "D"
- Order: Carnivora (Bowdich, 1821) (carnivorans) [= Clade "E"]
- Genus: †Ceruttia (Tomiya, 2013)
- Genus: †Harpalodon (Marsh, 1872)
- Genus: †Lycarion (Matthew, 1909)
- Genus: †Neovulpavus (Wortman, 1901)
- Genus: †Procynodictis (Wortman & Matthew, 1899)
- Genus: †Prodaphaenus (Wortman & Matthew, 1899)
- Genus: †Tapocyon (Stock, 1934)
- Genus: †Walshius (Tomiya, 2013)
- Incertae sedis:
- †"Miacis" gracilis (Clark, 1939)
- †"Miacis" hargeri (Wortman, 1901)
- †"Miacis" invictus (Matthew & Granger, 1925)
- †"Miacis" lushiensis (Chow, 1975)
- Incertae sedis:
- †"Miacis" boqinghensis (Huang, 1999)
- †"Miacis" hookwayi (Stock, 1934)
- †"Miacis" latidens (Matthew & Granger, 1915)
- †"Miacis" petilus (Gingerich, 1983)
- †Carnivoraformes undet. Genus A (Tomiya, 2013)
- †Carnivoraformes undet. Genus B (Tomiya, 2013)
- ichnotaxa of Carnivoraformes:
- Ichnogenus: †Falcatipes (Sargeant & Langston, 1994)
- Superfamily: †Viverravoidea (Wortman & Matthew, 1899)
- Family: †Viverravidae (Wortman & Matthew, 1899)
- Incertae sedis:
- Genus: †Ravenictis (Fox & Youzwyshyn, 1994)
- †"Sinopa" insectivorus (Cope, 1872)
- †Carnivoramorpha sp. [UALVP 31176] (Fox & Youzwyshyn, 1994)
- †Carnivoramorpha sp. [UALVP 50993 & UALVP 50994] (Fox, Scott & Rankin, 2010)
- †Carnivoramorpha sp. [USNM 538395] (Rose, 2012)
- Clade:
See also
References
- ISBN 978-0-387-97853-6
- ^ K. D. Rose, A. E. Chew, R. H. Dunn, M. J. Kraus, H. C. Fricke and S. P. Zack (2012.) "Earliest Eocene mammalian fauna from the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum at Sand Creek Divide, southern Bighorn Basin, Wyoming." University of Michigan Papers on Paleontology 36:1-122
- PMID 35207537.
- ^ Bryant, H.N., and M. Wolson (2004) “Phylogenetic Nomenclature of Carnivoran Mammals.” First International Phylogenetic Nomenclature Meeting. Paris, Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle
- S2CID 86207013.
- ^ Floréal Solé & Thierry Smith (2013.) "Dispersals of placental carnivorous mammals (Carnivoramorpha, Oxyaenodonta & Hyaenodontida) near the Paleocene-Eocene boundary: a climatic and almost worldwide story" Geologica Belgica 16/4: 254-261
- ISBN 9781139193436.
Further reading
- C. M. Janis, J. A. Baskin, A. Berta, J. J. Flynn, G. F. Gunnell, R. M. Hunt jr., L. D. Martin, and K. Munthe (1998.) "Carnivorous mammals." In C. M. Janis, K. M. Scott, and L. L. Jacobs (eds.) "Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America. Volume 1: Terrestrial Carnivores, Ungulates, and Ungulatelike Mammals." Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. ISBN 9780521355193
- K. D. Rose and J. D. Archibold (2005) "The Rise of Placental Mammals: Origins and Relationships of the Major Extant Clades", Baltimore and London, Johns Hopkins University Press ISBN 978-0-8018-8022-3
- K. D. Rose and J. D. Archibold (2005) "Womb with a View: the Rise of Placentals." In: K. D. Rose and J. D. Archibold "The Rise of Placental Mammals: Origins and Relationships of the Major Extant Clades", Baltimore and London, Johns Hopkins University Press ISBN 978-0-8018-8022-3
- Welsey-Hunt, G. D.; Flynn, J. J. (2005). "Phylogeny of the Carnivora: basal relationships among the Carnivoramorphans, and assessment of the position of 'Miacoidea' relative to Carnivora". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 3 (1): 1–28. S2CID 86755875.
- Stiles, David P. (2005) investigation of the Vulpes and Urocyon phylogenetic classification: Feliformia or Caniformia?” Fox Phylogeny. Vertebrate Evolution – Fall 2005, The Evergreen State College, Olympia, WA.
- Wesley-Hunt, G. D.; Werdelin, L. (2005). "Basicranial morphology and phylogenetic position of the upper Eocene carnivoramorphan Quercygale". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 50 (4): 837–846.
- Wesley-Hunt, Gina D. (2005) “The Morphological Diversification of Carnivores in North America.” Paleobiology. Vol. 31, Issue 1, pp. 35–55.
- Benton, Michael J. and Philip C. J. Donoghue (2007) “Paleontological Evidence to Date the Tree of Life.”, Molecular Biology and Evolution, Volume 24, Issue 1, Pages 26–53
- Spaulding, M.; O'Leary, M. A.; Gatesy, J. (2009). Farke, Andrew Allen (ed.). "Relationships of Cetacea (Artiodactyla) Among Mammals: Increased Taxon Sampling Alters Interpretations of Key Fossils and Character Evolution". PLOS ONE. 4 (9): e7062. PMID 19774069.
- Jackson, S.; Jackson, S. M.; Groves, C. (2015). Taxonomy of Australian mammals. Csiro Publishing. p. 238. ISBN 978-1486300136.
- Susumu Tomiya, Shawn P. Zack, Michelle Spaulding and John J. Flynn (2019.) "Carnivorous mammals from the Middle Eocene Washakie formation, Wyoming, U.S.A., and their diversity trajectory in a post-warming world", in "The Society of Vertebrate Paleontology 79th annual meeting"
- Solé, F.; Fischer, V.; Le Verger, K.; Mennecart, B.; Speijer, R. P.; Peigné, S.; Smith, T. (2022). "Evolution of European carnivorous mammal assemblages through the Palaeogene". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 135 (4): 734–753. .