Carol Moseley Braun
Carol Moseley Braun | |
---|---|
United States Ambassador to Samoa | |
In office February 8, 2000 – March 1, 2001 | |
President | Bill Clinton George W. Bush |
Preceded by | Joe Beeman |
Succeeded by | Charles Swindells |
United States Senator from Illinois | |
In office January 3, 1993 – January 3, 1999 | |
Preceded by | Alan Dixon |
Succeeded by | Peter Fitzgerald |
Cook County Recorder of Deeds | |
In office December 1, 1988 – December 1, 1992 | |
Preceded by | Harry Yourell |
Succeeded by | Jesse White |
Member of the Illinois House of Representatives | |
In office January 5, 1979 – December 1, 1988 | |
Preceded by | Robert Mann |
Succeeded by | Donne Trotter |
Constituency | 24th district (1979-1983) 25th district (1983-1988) |
Personal details | |
Born | Carol Elizabeth Moseley August 16, 1947 Chicago, Illinois, U.S. |
Political party | Democratic |
Spouse |
Michael Braun
(m. 1973; div. 1986) |
Children | 1 |
Education | ) |
Carol Elizabeth Moseley Braun, also sometimes Moseley-Braun
Following her Senate tenure, Moseley Braun served as the
Moseley Braun was the first African-American woman elected to the U.S. Senate, the first African-American U.S. Senator from the Democratic Party, the first woman to defeat an incumbent U.S. Senator in the primaries for the nomination by a major party, and the first female U.S. Senator from Illinois.
In January 2023, she was nominated by President Joe Biden to serve as chair of the United States African Development Foundation.[2]
Early life, education, family, and early career
Carol Elizabeth Moseley was born in
The family lived in a segregated middle-class neighborhood on the South Side of Chicago. Her parents divorced when she was in her teens, and she lived with her grandmother.[7]
Moseley began her undergraduate studies at the
In 1973, Moseley married Michael Braun, whom she had met in law school.[5] The couple had one son, Matthew, in 1977. Their marriage ended in divorce in 1986.[9]
Moseley Braun was a prosecutor in the United States Attorney's office in Chicago from 1973 to 1977. An Assistant United States Attorney, she worked primarily in the civil and appellate law areas. Her work in housing, health policy, and environmental law won her the Attorney General's Special Achievement Award.[10]
Early political career
Moseley Braun was first elected to public office in 1978, when she was elected to the
U.S. Senator from Illinois
Elections
In 1992, angered by incumbent Democratic senator Alan Dixon's vote to confirm Clarence Thomas, Moseley Braun challenged Dixon in the primary election for U.S. Senate. She was backed by the political coalition from the Hyde Park neighborhood of Chicago that had previously backed the campaigns of Harold Washington and Jesse Jackson.[14] Democratic candidate Albert Hofeld's campaign ran many anti-Dixon ads, and Moseley Braun won the Democratic primary.[15] On November 3, 1992, Moseley Braun became the first African-American woman to be elected to the United States Senate,[11] defeating Republican Richard S. Williamson.[16] Moseley Braun was also the first woman elected to the U.S. Senate from Illinois and the first African American elected to the U.S. Senate as a Democrat.[17]
Moseley Braun was a one-term Senator, losing to
Tenure
Moseley Braun is the first African-American woman to serve in the U.S. Senate.[19][20] Along with Republican Edward Brooke, she was one of two African Americans to serve in the Senate in the 20th century.[21] Moseley Braun was the sole African American in the Senate during her tenure.[20] She was also the first woman to serve on the Senate Finance Committee.[22]
Despite her reputation as a
On social issues, however, Moseley Braun was significantly more liberal than many of her fellow senators. She was strongly
Moseley Braun was the subject of a 1993 Federal Election Commission investigation over $249,000 in unaccounted-for campaign funds. The agency found some small violations, but took no action against Moseley Braun, citing a lack of resources. Moseley Braun only admitted to bookkeeping errors. The Justice Department turned down two requests for investigations from the IRS.[24]
Women were not allowed to wear pants on the U.S. Senate floor until 1993.
In 1993, Moseley Braun made headlines when she convinced the Senate Judiciary Committee not to renew a design patent for the
In 1996, Moseley Braun made a private trip to
In 1998, after George Will wrote a column reviewing the allegations of corruption against her,[33] Moseley Braun responded to Will's comments, saying that "I think because he couldn't say nigger, he said corrupt".[34] She also compared Will to a Ku Klux Klansman, saying: "I mean this very sincerely from the bottom of my heart: He can take his hood and put it back on again, as far as I'm concerned".[35] Later, Moseley Braun apologized for her remarks.[34]
U.S. Ambassador to New Zealand and Samoa
On October 8, 1999,
Later political involvement
Analysts had speculated that Moseley Braun was preparing for a potential run to reclaim her former Senate seat in the 2004 United States Senate election in Illinois. However, in January 2003, Braun decided against running for the U.S. Senate again.[41]
2004 presidential campaign
Moseley Braun announced her intention to run for the Democratic Party presidential nomination in a February 18, 2003, speech at the University of Chicago Law School, launching an exploratory committee for the presidency.[42][43][44][45] She had, in the days leading up to this announcement, made her first campaign-season visits to the early primary and caucus states of New Hampshire, Iowa, and South Carolina.[46] In her announcement speech Moseley Braun declared, "It's time to take the 'men only' sign off the White House door."[47]
When asked about her prospects of winning at the launch of her exploratory committee, Moseley Braun declared ""I have every hope and every expectation that this will be a successful effort. I'm running for president. I'm not running just to be another pretty face."[47] Many, however, regarded her campaign to be a long shot, with many also regarding it as more of a vanity campaign then a serious effort for the presidency.[48] Some speculation even existed that she was running to siphon black voters away from Al Sharpton's candidacy.[48] Other speculation existed that she was running in an effort to redeem her image after her scandals as a senator and 1998 reelection defeat.[47]
After her exploratory phase, Braun formally launched her candidacy on September 23, 2003.[49]
Moseley Braun's campaign operation was based in Chicago and Washington, D.C., before being consolidated to a headquarters in Chicago.[50][51]
Moseley Braun made support for implementing a
By July 2003, Braun had failed to release any detailed policy papers.[51] Eric Slater of the Los Angeles Times wrote that, during the debates and forums, rather than focusing on policy, Moseley Braun largely partook in jockeying against candidates such as Sharpton and Howard Dean to appear like the candidate who stood in greatest contrast to incumbent Republican George W. Bush.[51]
Moseley Braun's campaign strategy had placed an emphasis on hopes of performing well in
Moseley Braun's campaign struggled to raise funds. In the first three months of 2003, she raised only $72,450 for her candidacy, less than any other notable contenders in the Democratic primary.[50] As a consequence, she had very few professional campaign staffers.[55] Her campaign was instead largely run by a small number of volunteers. It took until July 1, 2003, for her campaign to hire a formal campaign manager.[51] As the race developed, she continued to trail the other candidates in terms of fundraising. By July 2003, she had only raised $214,000, continuing to be lowest-performing of the nine major Democratic contenders in terms of fundraising.[53] By November 2003, she had only raised $342,518.[48] In total, her campaign would ultimately raise just under $600,000.[56]
In mid-November 2003, Moseley Braun hired Patricia Ireland to serve as her campaign's new manager.[57]
Moseley Braun never performed higher than single-digit numbers in polls for the primaries.[58] Moseley Braun also failed to qualify for the ballot in a number of the scheduled state primaries and caucuses.[58]
On January 15, 2004, two days after a disappointing third place showing in the D.C. primary
2011 campaign for mayor of Chicago
In November 2010, after Chicago mayor
Moseley Braun appeared likely to be a strong contender for the mayoralty.[66] However, a series of scandals and blunders would result in her finishing fourth in the election.[66][69]
Moseley Braun had several difficulties with her candidacy, including a lack of funding.[66][69] She raised approximately $705,000, while Rahm Emanuel raised over $15 million.[66] While referred to as the "consensus" African American candidate, she was not receiving much financial backing or from African American politicians and community leaders, many of whom instead backed Rahm Emanuel.[66] Only a few of the city's African-American business leaders (including Elzie Higginbottom and John W. Rogers Jr.) contributed to her campaign.[69] She also received $25,000 from congressman Bobby Rush.[68] With a lack of funds, Moseley Braun only was able to air a single television ad, which she ran late in the campaign.[66] African American politicians and community leaders also did not provide non-financial assistance to Moseley Brown's campaign effort.[66] Moseley Braun's campaign also received no support from trade unions.[66] Moseley Braun encountered criticism for accepting donations from individuals who had already donated the $5,000 maximum (which was instituted January 1, 2011 when the Illinois Campaign Disclosure Act went into effect)[66]
Additionally, Moseley Braun suffered from a poorly run campaign.[66] There was internal conflict within Moseley Braun's campaign organization.[69] Her candidacy was also plagued by gaffes, including missed interviews and an inability to provide a sufficient explanation for her past financial problems.[66] However, the most serious debacle came in a debate on January 30, 2011, when Moseley Braun accused another candidate, Patricia Van-Pelt Watkins, of "being strung out on crack" for 20 years.[66][70] Van-Pelt Watkins had once been addicted to cocaine, but had been clean for 30 years.[69] This attack on Van-Pelt Watkins backfired and was detrimental to Moseley Braun's own candidacy.[69] Braun's campaign, which had never gained much traction, began to bleed what support it had after she made this attack, with many former supporters fleeing to support Emanuel instead.[66]
As a candidate, Moseley Braun opposed moving the city to having an elected
On February 22, 2011, Moseley Braun came in fourth in the field of six, receiving about nine percent of the vote. In her concession speech, she remarked that her young niece could become the first female mayor of Chicago,[71] despite the fact that Jane Byrne had already served as Chicago's first female mayor.[72]
Subsequent activities
In the 2016 Democratic U.S. Senate primary in Maryland, Moseley Braun endorsed Donna Edwards.[73][74] In the 2019 Chicago mayoral election runoff, Moseley Braun endorsed Toni Preckwinkle.[75] In the 2023 Chicago mayoral election runoff, Moseley Braun endorsed Brandon Johnson.[76]
In the 2020 Democratic Party presidential primaries, Moseley Braun endorsed Joe Biden.[77] During the November 2019 Democratic presidential debate, Biden mentioned her endorsement, misspeaking and mistakenly referring to her as "the only African-American woman who's ever been elected to the United States Senate", only to be quickly corrected by his opponents, including Kamala Harris, who herself happened to be the second (and only other) African-American woman elected to the U.S. Senate. This gaffe of Biden's attracted significant media attention.[78][79][80] At the 2020 Democratic National Convention, Moseley Braun was responsible for announcing Illinois' votes in the roll call.[81][82] After Biden's victory in the general election (with Kamala Harris as his vice presidential running mate), Moseley Braun made it publicly known that she was interested in being his Secretary of the Interior. She also expressed interest in holding some other role in his administration.[81][83] Biden opted to nominate Deb Haaland for Secretary of the Interior.[84] In January 2023, Biden nominated Moseley Braun to be member and chair of the United States African Development Foundation.[85]
Work outside government and politics
In 2005, Moseley Braun founded an organic products company known as Good Food Organics. Good Food Organics was the parent company of Ambassador Organics.[11] As of 2019, the company was defunct.[17]
Moseley Braun became a visiting professor of political science at Northwestern University in November 2016.[11]
Personal life
In September 1998, Lauryn Kaye Valentine applied for permission to change her name to Carol Moseley Braun. Valentine cited the former senator as her hero and promised not to "dishonor [the] name". The change was made official. That December, however, Valentine put her name forward as a candidate for alderman of Chicago's 37th Ward.[86] Before the election, a Circuit Court judge rescinded the name change, forcing Valentine to revert to her original name.[87] Valentine was later ruled ineligible to run, as she was not a registered voter at the time because of her name changes.[88]
In April 2007, Braun suffered a broken wrist when a
Braun's financial problems made headlines in October 2012 when it was revealed that her home was in foreclosure and that she had not made any mortgage payments for over a year. Before she was evicted, she sold her house for approximately $200,000 less than the amount she still owed on her mortgage loan.[91]
Electoral history
- 1988 Cook County Recorder of Deeds
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Carol Moseley Braun | 424,480 | 78.05 | |
Democratic | Sheila A. Jones | 119,372 | 21.95 | |
Total votes | 543,852 | 100 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Carol Moseley Braun | 1,020,805 | 54.32 | |
Republican | Bernard L. Stone
|
795,540 | 42.33 | |
Illinois Solidarity
|
Edward M. Wojkowski | 62,968 | 3.35 | |
Total votes | 1,879,313 | 100 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Carol Moseley Braun | 557,694 | 38.3% | |
Democratic | Alan J. Dixon (incumbent) | 504,077 | 34.6% | |
Democratic | Albert Hofeld | 394,497 | 27.1% | |
Total votes | 1,456,268 | 100 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Carol Moseley Braun | 2,631,229 | 53.27 | ||
Republican | Richard Williamson | 2,126,833 | 43.06 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Carol Moseley Braun (incumbent) | 666,419 | 100 | |
Total votes | 666,419 | 100 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Republican | Peter Fitzgerald
|
1,709,041 | 50.35 | |
Democratic | Carol Moseley Braun (incumbent) | 1,610,496 | 47.44 | |
Reform | Don Torgersen | 74,704 | 2.20 | |
US Taxpayers | Raymond Stalker | 280 | 0.01% | |
Total votes | 3,394,521 | 100 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | ±% | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Democratic | Howard Dean | 18,132 | 42.65 | ||
Democratic | Al Sharpton | 14,639 | 34.43 | ||
Democratic | Carol Moseley Braun | 4,924 | 11.58 | ||
Democratic | Dennis Kucinich | 3,481 | 8.19 | ||
Democratic | Others | 1,340 | 3.15 |
Party | Candidate | Votes | % | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nonpartisan | Rahm Emanuel | 326,331 | 55.27 | |
Nonpartisan | Gery J. Chico
|
141,228 | 23.92 | |
Nonpartisan | Miguel del Valle | 54,689 | 9.26 | |
Nonpartisan | Carol Moseley Braun | 53,062 | 8.99 | |
Nonpartisan | Patricia Van Pelt Watkins
|
9,704 | 1.64 | |
Nonpartisan | William Walls, III | 5,343 | 0.90 | |
Write-in | Others | 34 | 0.01 | |
Turnout | 590,391 | 41.99 |
See also
References
- ^ Marja Mills, "The Humble Hyphen", Chicago Times, March 14, 2003, explaining that Moseley Braun adopted the hyphenation on joining the Senate and dropped it 10 years later.
- ^ "President Biden Announces Key Nominees". White House press release. January 23, 2023.
- ^ Cook County Clerk website, "Carol Moseley Braun" Archived April 9, 2011, at the Wayback Machine. Retrieved January 12, 2011
- ^ ProQuest 619772962.
- ^ a b Levinsohn, Florence Hamlish (March 5, 1992). "Carol Moseley Braun: She has the credentials. Can she get the votes?". Chicago Reader. Retrieved January 4, 2011.
- ^ "Carol Moseley Braun, U.S. Senator". geni_family_tree. August 16, 1947.
- ^ "Carol Moseley Braun". Encyclopedia of World Biography. Vol. 11 (2nd ed.). Detroit: Gale. 2004. pp. 199–200.
- ^ Ginny Tunnicliff. "New Funds in the College. UIC College of Liberal Arts & Sciences website says she is an alumna". Retrieved August 25, 2014.
- ^ a b Nordgren, Sarah (August 9, 1992). "Carol Moseley Braun: the unique candidate". Gainesville Sun. Associated Press. p. 15D. Retrieved January 1, 2011.
- ^ Simmonds, Yusef (November 20, 2008). "The Senators: Carol Moseley Braun". Los Angeles Sentinel. Retrieved January 4, 2011.
- ^ a b c d e Library, C. N. N. (July 26, 2013). "Carol Moseley Braun Fast Facts". CNN.
- ^ "Carol Moseley-braun". National Women's History Museum. Archived from the original on June 12, 2010. Retrieved November 21, 2010.
- ^ "Senate Candidate Battles the Odds in Illinois: Politics: Carol Moseley Braun is black. She's a woman. And she's short of cash. But her run for office, born of the Thomas hearings, looks like a winner". Los Angeles Times. August 2, 1992.
- ASIN B00FJ3A98G.)
{{cite book}}
: CS1 maint: location (link - ^ "The Accidental Senator". February 2011.
- ^ "Richard Williamson, who lost Senate race to Carol Moseley Braun, dies". UPI.
- ^ a b Ihejirika, Maudlyne (March 26, 2019). "Former Sen. Carol Moseley Braun on making history, watching it in the mayoral race". Chicago Sun-Times.
- ^ Flynn McRoberts; Bob Kemper; Phat X. Chiem; Monica Davey (November 4, 1998). "RYAN, FITZGERALD TRIUMPH; DEMOCRATS GAIN NATIONALLY". Chicago Tribune.
- ^ "'Behind the Smile': the rise and fall of Carol Moseley Braun". The Seattle Times. February 7, 2016.
- ^ a b Tam, Ruth. "Carol Moseley Braun: 'Small wonder' there is not more diversity in Congress". The Washington Post.
- ^ "MOSELEY BRAUN, Carol | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives". history.house.gov. Retrieved May 18, 2020.
- ^ "Education & Resources – National Women's History Museum – NWHM". November 8, 2016. Archived from the original on November 8, 2016. Retrieved April 3, 2018.
- ^ "Tribute to Thurgood Marshall | The Hutchinson Unabridged Encyclopedia with Atlas and Weather Guide - Credo Reference". search.credoreference.com. Retrieved October 9, 2020.
- ^ Slate, Is Carol Moseley-Braun [sic] a Crook?", February 19, 2003.
- ^ a b Robin Givhan (January 21, 2004). "Moseley Braun: Lady in red". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved July 30, 2014.
- ^ a b Cooper, Kent (June 9, 2005). "The Long and Short of Capitol Style : Roll Call Special Features 50th Anniversary". Rollcall.com. Retrieved July 30, 2014.
- ISBN 0-472-08646-4. Retrieved May 19, 2016.
- ^ "Black Americans in Congress – Carol Moseley Braun, Senator from Illinois". Baic.house.gov. Archived from the original on June 18, 2012. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^ Clymer, Adam (July 23, 1993). "Daughter of Slavery Hushes Senate". The New York Times. Retrieved May 19, 2016.
- ^ NPR, "2004 Democratic Presidential Candidates Carol Moseley Braun", May 6, 2003
- ^ Siskind Susser Bland. "US SENATOR'S CAMPAIGN MANAGER FOUND TO BE WORKING ILLEGALLY Archived December 6, 2010, at the Wayback Machine." May 1998. Accessed February 16, 2010.
- ^ Johnson, Dirk (December 31, 1992). "Illinois's new Senator under fire on issue of boyfriend's conduct". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved January 1, 2011.
- ^ Will, George F. "Story of Chicagoan Carol Moseley-Braun". Archived from the original on December 6, 2010. Retrieved November 27, 2010.." September 6, 1998.
- ^ a b "Moseley-Braun Lashes Out At Columnist, Apologizes". CNN. Associated Press. September 9, 1998. Archived from the original on June 13, 2007. Retrieved November 27, 2010.
{{cite news}}
: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)(defunct link. as of June 13, 2007.), - ^ "Moseley-Braun loses to Republican Fitzgerald". CNN. November 3, 1998.
- ^ "President Clinton Names Carol Moseley-Braun For U.S. Ambassador To New Zealand" Archived March 3, 2016, at the Wayback Machine, Office of the Press Secretary (Ottawa, Canada), The White House, October 8, 1999.
- ^ "Senate Confirms Moseley-braun". Chicago Tribune. November 10, 1999.
- ^ "Congressional Record – 106th Congress (1999–2000) – THOMAS (Library of Congress)". loc.gov. Archived from the original on October 17, 2015. Retrieved May 14, 2015.
- ^ "U.S. Senate: Roll Call Vote". senate.gov. January 27, 2015. Retrieved May 14, 2015.
- ^ "Moseley Braun considering run for mayor of Chicago". New Pittsburgh Courier. September 17, 2010.
- ^ Mihalopoulos, Dan (February 14, 2003). "Chance for 2nd act on national stage". Newspapers.com. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved May 15, 2021.
- ^ "Black woman joins US presidential race". BBC News. February 19, 2003. Retrieved November 13, 2020.
- ^ "Carol Moseley Braun announces the creation of a presidential exploratory committee (February 2003)". Presidential Gender Watch. April 21, 2015. Retrieved November 13, 2020.
- ^ "Carol Moseley Braun-Campaign Organization". p2004.org. Retrieved November 13, 2020.
- ^ "Carol Moseley Braun Fast Facts". currently.att.yahoo.com. Currently from AT&T (Yahoo!). August 12, 2020. Retrieved November 13, 2020.
- ^ "Moseley-Braun makes perace campaign visit". Newspapers.com. Southern Illinoisan. February 17, 2003.
- ^ a b c d e Mihalopoulos, Dan (February 19, 2003). "Moseley-Braun to run in 2004". chicagotribune.com. Chicago Tribune. Retrieved May 14, 2021.
- ^ a b c d Basu, Moni (November 2, 2003). "She gives short shrift". Newspapers.com. The Atlanta Constitution. Retrieved May 14, 2021.
- ^ a b Lee, Jennifer (September 23, 2003). "Ex-Senator Announces For Presidency (Published 2003)". The New York Times. Retrieved November 13, 2020.
- ^ a b "Braun Consolidates Campaign Offices". Newspapers.com. The Pantagraph (Bloomington, Illinois). June 17, 2003.
- ^ a b c d e f g Slater, Eric (July 20, 2003). "CARL MOSELEY BRAUN Former U.S. Senator Is Campaign ing in Defense of Her Pas and Against the Bush Administration's Post-9/11 Policies". Newspapers.com. Los Angeles Times. Retrieved May 14, 2021.
- ^ "Carol Moseley Braun on the Campaign Trail". ABC News. Retrieved November 13, 2020.
- ^ a b Davenport, Jim (July 23, 2003). "Moseley Braun donors give symbolic sum". Newspapers.com. The Greenville News (Greenville, South Carolina). Associated Press.
- ^ "Campaign Profile: Carol Moseley-Braun - 2004-01-09 | Voice of America - English". www.voanews.com. Voice of America. September 1, 2004. Retrieved May 14, 2021.
- ^ "Braun struggles to raise funds". Newspapers.com. The Times of Northwest Indiana. Associated Press. June 18, 2003.
- ^ "BRAUN, CAROL MOSELEY - Candidate overview". FEC.gov. Federal Elections Commission. Retrieved May 14, 2021.
- ^ "Moseley Braun Hires Former NOW Leader". Los Angeles Times. November 18, 2003. Retrieved May 15, 2021.
- ^ a b "Braun will leave race, endorse Dean today". Newspapers.com. The Atlanta Constitution. January 15, 2004.
- ^ "D.C. Primary results 2004". U.S. Election Atlas. Retrieved July 2, 2015.
- ^ Wilgoren, Jodi; Semple, Kirk (January 15, 2004). "Braun Quits Race and Endorses Dean for Presidential Nomination". The New York Times.
- ^ a b Fournier, Ron (January 15, 2004). "Braun to quit race, back Dean". Newspapers.com. Arizona Republic.
- ^ Mitchell, Mary (September 14, 2010). "Trailblazing Moseley Braun set to run again". Chicago Sun-Times. Archived from the original on September 18, 2010. Retrieved September 18, 2010.
So it really shouldn't be a surprise the wide open field that appeared when Mayor Daley announced he would not seek another term brought about a relapse. 'A group of people came together to encourage me to run,' Moseley Braun told me. 'They literally took a vote telling me to get in the race.'
- ^ "Braun gets official stamp of consensus candidate". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved July 23, 2014.
- ^ "Carol Moseley Braun Emerges As Main Black Candidate in Chicago Mayor's Race". HuffPost. January 1, 2011.
- ^ "Braun left as main black candidate in Chicago race". theGrio. January 1, 2011. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
- ^ ISBN 978-1-317-57893-2. Retrieved May 18, 2020.
- ^ Chase, John (December 31, 2010). "Clout St: Danny Davis drops out, endorses Carol Moseley Braun in mayor's race". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved May 18, 2020.
- ^ a b "Moseley Braun's Hitler Comment Falls Flat". NBC Chicago. February 14, 2011. Retrieved May 18, 2020.
- ^ a b c d e f Terry, Don (February 26, 2011). "How a Past Political Star Became an Also-Ran". The New York Times. Retrieved December 2, 2019.
- ^ "Carol Moseley Braun Calls Patricia Van Pelt-Watkins Crack Addict at Candidate Forum". Fox News. Archived from the original on February 3, 2011. Retrieved February 25, 2011.
- ^ "Topic Galleries – WGN". Wgntv.com. Retrieved June 12, 2012.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "A Chronology of Chicago's Mayors". Chicago Public Library. Retrieved May 26, 2010.
- ^ Weiner, Rachel (April 13, 2015). "Carol Moseley Braun endorses Donna Edwards in Maryland Senate primary". The Washington Post. Retrieved November 21, 2019.
- ^ Fritze, John (April 13, 2015). "Moseley Braun endorses Edwards for Senate". Baltimore Sun. Retrieved November 21, 2019.
- ^ Ihejirika, Maudlyne (March 26, 2019). "Former Sen. Carol Moseley Braun on making history, watching it in the mayoral race". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved April 2, 2019.
- ^ Spielman, Fran (March 14, 2023). "More Chicago mayoral endorsements: Abortion rights PAC backs Johnson; 3 police union supporters on City Council back Vallas". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved March 14, 2023.
- ^ Caputo, Marc [@MarcACaputo] (April 25, 2019). "Former Sen. Carol Mosley Braun, the first African-American woman elected to the chamber who ran in opposition to the treatment of Anita Hill, says on MSNBC that she proudly endorses Joe Biden —her response when asked about the Clarence Thomas hearings dogging the former VP" (Tweet). Retrieved April 25, 2019 – via Twitter.
- ^ Greenwood, Max (November 20, 2019). "Biden forgets Harris exists". The Hill. Retrieved May 14, 2021.
- ^ "Overlooking Kamala Harris, Joe Biden Claims He Was Endorsed by 'Only' Black Female Senator". NBC4 Washington. November 21, 2016. Retrieved May 14, 2021.
- ^ Mark, Michelle (May 14, 2021). "Biden claims at debate that he has the support of 'the only black woman' elected to the Senate, to which Kamala Harris responds, 'the other one is here!'". Business Insider. Retrieved May 14, 2021.
- ^ a b Sweet, Lynn (November 25, 2020). "Carol Moseley Braun, early Joe Biden backer, aims for cabinet post: Interior Secretary". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved December 21, 2020.
- ^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "Democratic National Convention: Day 2". youtube.com. 2020 Democratic National Convention. August 19, 2020. Retrieved August 19, 2020.
- ^ Eilperin, Juliet (November 25, 2020). "Carol Moseley Braun, the first Black female senator, eyes interior secretary post". The Washington Post. Retrieved December 21, 2020.
- from the original on December 17, 2020. Retrieved December 17, 2020.
- ^ "President Biden Announces Key Nominees". The White House. January 23, 2023. Retrieved January 23, 2023.
- ^ Drummond Ayres, B. Jr. (January 12, 1999). "Political Briefing; What's in a Name? Ask Moseley-Braun". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 21, 2021. Retrieved May 15, 2021.
- ^ "Woman can't go by Mosley-Braun name". Chicago Tribune. April 22, 1999. Retrieved June 7, 2013.
- ^ "New Name Hinders Ward Candidate". Chicago Tribune. January 16, 1999.
- ^ Ihejirika, Maudlyne. "Moseley Braun's rescuers", Chicago Sun-Times, April 29, 2007. Archived September 23, 2008, at the Wayback Machine
- ^ "Carol Moseley Braun's attacker gets 20 years". Chicago Tribune. July 11, 2008. Archived from the original on July 12, 2008.
- ^ Goldsborough, Bob. "Former Sen. Moseley Braun sells Hyde Park home for $1.205 million". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved July 23, 2014.
- ^ "OFFICIAL FINAL RESULTS PRIMARY ELECTION COOK COUNTY, ILLINOIS TUESDAY, MARCH 15, 1988" (PDF). voterinfo.net. Cook County Clerk. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 3, 2008.
- ^ "OFFICIAL FINAL RESULTS GENERAL ELECTION COOK COUNTY, ILLINOIS TUESDAY, NOVEMBER 8, 1988" (PDF). voterinfo.net. Cook County Clerk. Archived from the original (PDF) on October 3, 2008.
- ^ "United States Senator". Illinois State Board of Elections. 1966. Retrieved November 21, 2015.
- ^ "STATE OF ILLINOIS OFFICIAL VOTE Cast at the GENERAL ELECTION NOVEMBER 3, 1992" (PDF). Illinois Secretary of State. Retrieved October 16, 2020.[permanent dead link]
- ^ a b "Election Results". www.elections.il.gov. Illinois State Board of Elections. Archived from the original on February 22, 2020. Retrieved March 23, 2020.
- ^ "Board of Election Commissioners for the City of Chicago".
- ^ "TABULATED STATEMENT OF THE RETURNS AND PROCLAMATION OF THE RESULTS OF THE CANVASS OF THE ELECTION RETURNS FOR THE FEBRUARY 22, 2011 MUNICIPAL GENERAL ELECTION HELD IN EACH OF THE PRECINCTS IN ALL OF THE WARDS IN THE CITY OF CHICAGO" (PDF). Chicago Board of Elections. Retrieved February 20, 2020.
Further reading
- Graham, Judith, ed. (1994). "Moseley-Braun, Carol". Current biography yearbook 1994. New York: OCLC 31866481.
- Perry, Margaret (1996). "Carol E. Moseley-Braun". In Smith, Jessie Carney (ed.). Notable Black American women: book II. Detroit: ISBN 0-8103-4749-0.
- Rosen, Issac; Zerbonia, Ralph G. (2004). "Carol Moseley Braun". In Henderson, Ashyia N. (ed.). Contemporary Black biography: profiles from the international Black community. Volume 42. Farmington Hills: ISBN 0-7876-6730-7.
- Bond, Julian (March 16, 2005). "Carol Moseley Braun – A conversation with Julian Bond". UVA NewsMakers. Charlottesville: University of Virginia. Archived from the original on June 8, 2011. (video 58:25)
- "Carol Moseley Braun: U.S. Senator, 1993–1999," Oral History Interviews, Senate Historical Office, Washington, D.C., 1999