Carprofen

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Carprofen
Two-dimensional monochrome diagram showing the structure of the molecule of Carprofen, uing the hexagonal style to depict a chemical compound.
Carprofen molecule
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.comFDA Professional Drug Information
Routes of
administration		Oral, injection
ATCvet code
Legal status
Legal status
  • US: Veterinary use only[1]
Pharmacokinetic data
Protein bindingHigh (99%)
Elimination half-lifeApproximately 8 h (range 4.5–9.8 h) in dogs
Identifiers
  • (RS)-2-(6-Chloro-9H-carbazol-2-yl)propanoic acid
JSmol)
ChiralityRacemic mixture
  • CC(C1=CC=C2C(NC3=CC=C(C=C32)Cl)=C1)C(O)=O
  • InChI=1S/C15H12ClNO2/c1-8(15(18)19)9-2-4-11-12-7-10(16)3-5-13(12)17-14(11)6-9/h2-8,17H,1H3,(H,18,19) checkY
  • Key:PUXBGTOOZJQSKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
  (verify)
A 100 mg Rimadyl tablet approximately 19 mm (0.75 in) wide by 8.6 mm (0.34 in) thick, as sold in the USA.

Carprofen is a

postoperative pain.[1]

Human use

Carprofen was used in humans for almost ten years, starting in 1988, for the same conditions as in dogs; namely, joint pain and inflammation. Side effects tended to be mild, usually consisting of

diarrhoea. It was available by prescription in 150 mg to 600 mg doses.[3] Dosages over 250 mg were reserved for pain caused by severe trauma, such as postoperative inflammation; 150 mg doses were commonly used to relieve arthritis
pain, while 200 mg doses were commonly prescribed for severe arthritis or inflammatory pain. The drug was taken orally.

Pfizer voluntarily removed the medication from the market for human use on commercial grounds.[3]

Veterinary medicine

Canine use

Carprofen is one of eleven nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs approved for use in dogs.

chewable tablet, or injection form.[5]

Carprofen can be used for long-term

acute pain and inflammation.[5][6]

In patients suffering from pain, carprofen has been shown to improve energy, activity level, comfort, and general well-being.[6]

Adverse effects

Most dogs respond well to carprofen use, but like all NSAIDs, it can cause gastrointestinal, liver, and kidney problems.[7]

In 1999, the

drug label.[9]

Adverse effects can include:

Effects of overdose include gastritis and ulcer formation.[13]

In healthy dogs given carprofen, no perioperative adverse effects on the cardiovascular system have been reported at recommended dosages.[14][15] Perioperative administration of carprofen to cats did not affect postoperative respiratory rate nor heart rate.[16]

Carprofen should not be administered concurrently with steroids, as this can cause ulcers in the stomach. Dogs should be taken off carprofen for three full days before ingesting a steroid (such as prednisolone). Carprofen should not be given at the same time with other types of medications, such as other NSAIDs (aspirin, etodolac, deracoxib, meloxicam, tepoxalin), or steroids such as dexamethasone, triamcinolone, cortisone, or prednisone.[medical citation needed]

Carprofen must be used with caution within the supervision of a veterinarian in dogs with liver or kidney disease,

Von Willebrand's disease), as safety has not been established in dogs with these disorders.[17]
It has not been established whether carprofen can be safely used in pregnant dogs, dogs used for breeding purposes, or in lactating dogs.

Several laboratory studies and

breeds. The dogs were treated with Rimadyl at the recommended dose for two weeks. According to these studies, the drug was clinically well tolerated, and the treated dogs did not have a greater incidence of adverse reactions when compared to the control group.[18][medical citation needed
]

A number of factors may contribute to the high incidence of adverse reports received for carprofen by the Center for Veterinary Medicine in the late 1990s. These include:

Equine use

Carprofen may be administered

intravenously to horses.[20] A single dose has been shown to reduce prostaglandin E2 production and inflammatory exudate for up to 15 hours,[21] although there was less effect on eicosanoid production when compared to the effects produced by NSAIDs such as phenylbutazone or flunixin.[22] Prostaglandin E2 and inflammatory exudate are also reduced and leukotriene B4 is inhibited. Carprofen can also be given orally, but intramuscular use may produce muscle damage.[23]

Other animal use

Carprofen is used as an analgesic for mouse surgical procedures.[24] Carprofen may also be used on adult fish.[25]

Brands and dosage forms for veterinary use

It is marketed under many brand names including: Acticarp, Artriofin, Austiofen, Bomazeal, Canidryl, Carporal, Carprieve, Carprocow, Carprodolor, Carprodyl, Carprofelican, Carprofen, Carprofène, Carprofeno, Carprofenum, Carprogesic, Carprosol, Carprotab, Carprox, Comforion, Dolagis, Dolocarp, Dolox, Eurofen, Kelaprofen, Librevia, Norocarp, Norodyl, Novocox, Ostifen, Prolet, Quellin, Reproval, Rimadyl, Rimifin, Rofeniflex, Rovera, Rycarfa, Scanodyl, Tergive, Vetprofen, and Xelcor.[2]

Veterinary dosage forms include 25 mg, 75 mg, and 100 mg tablets, and 50 mg per mL injectable form.[1][26]and more recent a 50mg Caplet called Carprox for senior dogs aged 10 years+.

References

  1. ^
    Zoetis Inc.
    Retrieved 5 February 2022.
  2. ^ a b "International brand names for Carprofen". www.Drugs.com. Drugs.com. Retrieved 4 October 2017.
  3. ^ a b "Committee for Veterinary Medicinal Products: Carprofen" (PDF). www.EMA.Europa.eu. European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products. 2009.
  4. US FDA
    . Retrieved 16 November 2021.
  5. ^ a b Burke A (10 November 2016). "Rimadyl for Dogs – uses, side effects & alternatives". www.AKC.org. American Kennel Club. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
  6. ^ a b "Rimadyl". www.ZoetisPetCare.com. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
  7. PMID 10499732
    .
  8. ^ "Update on Rimadyl". www.FDA.gov. FDA's Center for Veterinary Medicine. 1 December 1999. Archived from the original on 8 September 2014. Retrieved 16 December 2019.
  9. PMID 17331014
    .
  10. ^ "A review of signs of a potentially life-threatening reaction to Rimadyl". www.srdogs.com. Retrieved 20 May 2010.
  11. ^ "Dog owner information about Rimadyl (carprofen)". www.Rimadyl.com. Pfizer. Archived from the original on 15 July 2011. Retrieved 20 May 2010.
  12. ^ "Carprofen For Dogs: Dosage, Side Effects, And Alternatives". Relievet. Retrieved 2022-07-21.
  13. ^ "Generic dog Rimadyl online". RimadylOnline.com. Archived from the original on 15 July 2011. Retrieved 15 July 2011.
  14. PMID 12013473
    .
  15. PMID 17144795
    .
  16. S2CID 30649716
    .
  17. ^ "Rimadyl (Carprofen)". www.VetDepot.com. Vet Depot. Archived from the original on 23 May 2010. Retrieved 20 May 2010.
  18. ^ "Rimadyl [package insert]" (PDF). www.Rimadyl.com. New York: Pfizer Animal Health. 2007. Retrieved 13 August 2014.
  19. ^ "Get the facts about pain relievers for pets". www.FDA.gov. Center for Veterinary Medicine. 3 November 2020.
  20. ^ McIlwraith CW, Frisbie DD, Kawcak CE (2001). "Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs". Proc. AAEP (47): 182–187.
  21. PMID 8542839
    .
  22. PMID 3119142
    .
  23. PMID 1915228
    .
  24. ^ Adamson, Trinka. "Assessment of Carprofen and Buprenorphine on Recovery of Mice after Surgical Removal of the Mammary Fat Pad". J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci.
  25. ^ Uney, Kamil. "Pharmacokinetics and Bioavailability of Carprofen in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) Broodstock". Pharmaceutics.
  26. The United States Pharmacopeial Convention
    . 2007.

External links

Media related to Carprofen at Wikimedia Commons

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