Case report

Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.

In

signs, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of an individual patient. Case reports may contain a demographic profile of the patient, but usually describe an unusual or novel occurrence. Some case reports also contain a literature review of other reported cases. Case reports are professional narratives that provide feedback on clinical practice guidelines and offer a framework for early signals of effectiveness, adverse events
, and cost. They can be shared for medical, scientific, or educational purposes.

Types

Most case reports are on one of six topics:[1]

  • An unexpected association between
    symptoms
    .
  • An unexpected event in the course of observing or treating a patient.
  • Findings that shed new light on the possible pathogenesis of a disease or an adverse effect.
  • Unique or rare features of a disease.
  • Unique therapeutic approaches.
  • A positional or quantitative variation of the anatomical structures.

Roles in research and education

A case report is generally considered a type of

hypotheses, including plausible mechanisms of disease.[4] Case reports may also have a role to play in guiding the personalization of treatments in clinical practice.[4]

Proponents of case reports have outlined some particular advantages of the format. Case reports and series have a high sensitivity for detecting novelty and therefore remain one of the cornerstones of medical progress; they provide many new ideas in medicine.

patient history, physical examination, diagnosis, psychosocial aspects, follow up).[8]

Because typical, unremarkable cases are less likely to be published, use of case reports as scientific evidence must take into account

case studies
in the true definition of the term.

Case reports can also play a relevant role in medical education, providing a structure for case-based learning.[4]

A particular attraction of case reports is the possibility of quick publication (with respect to more extensive studies such as randomized control trials), allowing them to act as a kind of rapid short communication between busy clinicians who may not have the time or resources to conduct large scale research.[8]

Reporting guidelines

The quality of the scientific reporting of case reports is variable, and sub-optimal reporting hinders the use of case reports to inform research design or help guide clinical practice.[4] In response to these issues, reporting guidelines are under development to facilitate greater transparency and completeness in the provision of relevant information for individual cases.[4] The CARE (i.e. CAse REport) guidelines include a reporting checklist that is listed on the EQUATOR Network,[9] an international initiative aimed at promoting transparent and accurate reporting of health research studies to enhance the value and reliability of medical research literature. This 13-item checklist includes indications regarding the title, key words, abstract, introduction, patient information, clinical findings, timeline, diagnostic assessment, therapeutic interventions, follow-up and outcomes, discussion, patient perspective, and informed consent.[4] An explanation and elaboration article (a manual for writing case reports following the CARE guidelines) was published in the Journal of Clinical Epidemiology in 2017.[10]

Publishing

See also: Category:Case report journals

Many international journals publish case reports, but they restrict the number that appear in the print run because this has an adverse effect on the journal's

Grand Rounds.[13][14]

There are a number of websites that allow patients to submit and share their own patient case reports with other people. PatientsLikeMe[15] and Treatment Report[16] are two such sites.

Use of terminology outside science

The term is also used to describe non-scientific reports usually prepared for educational reasons.

Famous scientific case reports

See also

References

  1. OCLC 41579709
    .
  2. PMID 12816800
    .
  3. PMID 9253275
    .
  4. ^
    PMID 24266334
    .
  5. ^
    PMID 17170419
    .
  6. ^ "Thalidomide and congenital abnormalities". James Lind Library. Retrieved 28 May 2014.
  7. S2CID 867759
    .
  8. ^
    PMID 21569508
    .
  9. ^ "The CARE Guidelines: Consensus-based Clinical Case Reporting Guideline Development". The EQUATOR Network. Retrieved 2014-05-28.
  10. S2CID 205846029
    .
  11. ^
    PMID 28732524
    .
  12. PMID 27076803
    .
  13. PMC 338152
    .
  14. ^ "Online open peer-reviewed case report journal". Grand Rounds.
  15. ^ "Treatment and Side Effect Information". Patients Like You.
  16. ^ "Share and Find Treatment Reviews for Medical Conditions". Treatment Report. Archived from the original on 2016-07-29.
  17. ^ "Cardiac transplantation: since the first case report". Grand Rounds. Archived from the original on 2010-10-23.
  • Riley DS, Barber MS, Kienle GS, Aronson JK, von Schoen-Angerer T; et al. (2017). "CARE 2013 Explanation and Elaborations: Reporting Guidelines for Case Reports". Journal of Clinical Epidemiology. 89: 218–235.
    S2CID 205846029.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link
    )

Further reading

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Case_report&oldid=1188162862"