Casiri (Tacna)
Casiri | |
---|---|
Paucarani, Paugarani | |
Highest point | |
Elevation | 5,650 m (18,540 ft) |
Coordinates | 17°28′S 69°48′W / 17.467°S 69.800°W[1] |
Geography | |
Casiri, also known as Paucarani, is an about 5,650 metres (18,537 ft) high complex volcano in the Barroso mountain range of the
The volcano features geothermal manifestations and is linked to a larger geothermal field that has been prospected for geothermal power generation. There are two sulfur mines on the volcano, and the Paucarani reservoir that contains the bulk of Tacna's water supply is associated with Casiri: The Rio Uchusuma that flows through the reservoir originates on the volcano and the reservoir is located on the foot of Casiri.
Name
The name "Casiri" might mean "bawler" in
Geography and geomorphology
Casiri is a 5,650 metres (18,540 ft) high
Casiri is part of the
Hydrology and Paucarani reservoir
The
An
The Paucarani reservoir is also involved in the regulation of the
Human geography
Casiri is located in the
The volcano is considered a potential
Geology
The
Composition
Based on rock types that the Casiri volcano has erupted, it can be determined that it is composed of
Eruption history
The Quaternary-age[46] Casiri is one of the youngest volcanic systems in southern Peru[9] with postglacial activity,[47] and Peru's southernmost Holocene volcano.[48] Holocene lavas sourced from fissure vents[49] overlie Pleistocene-age moraines and are uneroded;[50] radiometric dating on the volcano has yielded ages of 50,000 years[51] and surface exposure dating has found ages of 6,000 ± 900 and 2,600 ± 400 years for two dark lava flows southwest and south of Casiri's main summit, respectively.[52]
There are no reported eruptions,
In 2012, the Geophysical Institute in Peru announced that it would begin monitoring Casiri, along with two other volcanoes in southern Peru, with seismometers.[59] They consider it a "low hazard" volcano.[60] As of 2021[update], there are two seismometers and one instrument measuring the deformation of the volcano at Casiri.[61] The installation of a network to detect deformation of the volcano is supposed to begin in 2022.[62]
Human use
The Casiri volcanic complex and surrounding mountains have been prospected for potential
Mining
The Gloria sulfur mine lies on Casiri[45] – specifically, on the foot of Paucarani[64] and southeast from the lava flows.[1] The sulfur is contained in heavily altered rocks covering an area of about 1 square kilometre (0.39 sq mi) and is genetically related to the activity of Casiri. It has been excavated through trenches and wells;[65] some installations could still be exploitable.[22] Another mine known as San Luis may also be associated with Paucarani;[65] it is located on the northwestern flank.[48][5] Precious metals might occur in the hydrothermally altered areas at Casiri.[66]
Geothermal power
The area of Casiri features the Chungará-Kallapuma geothermal field, where about 50 separate vents occur along the path of the Quebrada Chungará and the Kallapuma River; they reach temperatures of 83.4 °C (182.1 °F). These phenomena appear to relate to the activity of neighbouring volcanoes, which supply the heat to the geothermal field,
The
References
- ^ a b c d e f g Vela et al. 2016, p. 19.
- ^ Juan Carlos Mamani Morales, Cuentos de Parinacota, 2009, p. 48: Casiri: del aymara q'asiri, gritador/a
- ^ INGEMMET 2000, p. 47.
- ^ INGEMMET 2000, p. 62.
- ^ a b c d e Mendívil Echevarría 1965, Map2.
- ^ Mendívil Echevarría 1965, p. 12.
- ^ "PLAN DESARROLLO URBANO DE LA CIUDAD DE TACNA 2014 –2023" (PDF). Municipalidad Provincial de Tacna (in Spanish). May 2014. p. 118. Retrieved 1 November 2019.
- ^ a b c d e Cervantes G. & Monge Miguel 2000, p. 7.
- ^ Calderón et al. 2023, p. 373.
- ^ a b c d Bromley et al. 2019, p. 4.
- ^ a b c d Calderón et al. 2023, p. 374.
- ^ a b de Silva & Francis 1990, p. 296.
- ^ a b c de Silva & Francis 1990, p. 297.
- ^ a b c de Silva & Francis 1990, p. 288.
- ^ a b c Mendívil Echevarría 1965, pp. 64–65.
- ^ a b Bromley et al. 2019, p. 11.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Cervantes G. & Monge Miguel 2000, Memoria Mapa Palca 36x-4.
- ^ Mendívil Echevarría 1965, p. 57.
- ^ Zavala Carrión & Steinmüller 1997, p. 66.
- ^ a b c Galloso Carrasco, Armando; Loaiza Choque, Edwin (2009). "Actividad minera artesanal en las zonas de Apurímac, Cusco, Tacna y Moquegua - [Boletín E 7]". Instituto Geológico, Minero y Metalúrgico - INGEMMET: 74.
- ^ a b c d e f g h INGEMMET 2000, p. 277.
- ^ a b c Mendívil Echevarría 1965, p. 64.
- ISSN 2617-6033.
- ^ a b Cervantes G. & Monge Miguel 2000, p. 8.
- ISBN 9789972671548.
- ^ a b c "Represa de Paucarani se encuentra en peligro". Diario Correo. 24 February 2019. Retrieved 29 May 2019.
- ISSN 2218-3620.
- ^ "Represa de Paucarani tiene 46% de agua almacenada". Diario Correo. 16 April 2015. Retrieved 29 May 2019.
- ^ INGEMMET 2000, p. 271.
- ^ Sánchez Velásquez 1996, p. 63.
- ^ Nieto, Luz Elena Vega (24 December 2014). "Racionarán agua en Tacna por anuncio de sequía". La República. Retrieved 29 May 2019.
- ^ Acosta Pereira, Cotrina Chávez & Peña Laureano 2009, p. 11.
- ^ "Crecida de río arrasa puentes y bocatomas en la sierra de Tacna". Diario Correo (in Spanish). 17 January 2017. Retrieved 29 May 2019.
- ^ Sánchez Velásquez 1996, p. 62.
- ^ Rivas, Jorge Turpo (7 August 2012). "Tacna: Advierten aumento de arsénico en agua". La República. Retrieved 29 May 2019.
- ^ Mendívil Echevarría 1965, p. 5.
- ^ Acosta Pereira, Cotrina Chávez & Peña Laureano 2009, p. 29.
- ^ INGEMMET 2000, p. 272.
- ^ a b INGEMMET 2000, p. 283.
- ^ Bromley et al. 2019, p. 2.
- ^ a b de Silva & Francis 1990, p. 287.
- ^ a b Cacya Dueñas, Vargas Rodríguez & Cruz Pauccara 2013, p. 8.
- ^ a b Cervantes G. & Monge Miguel 2000, p. 10.
- ^ Núñez Juárez, Morche & Fídel Smoll 1997, p. 12.
- ^ Mendívil Echevarría 1965, p. 28.
- ^ a b "Nevados Casiri". Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institution.
- ^ INGEMMET 2000, p. 4.
- ^ Mendívil Echevarría 1965, p. 2.
- ^ INGEMMET 2000, p. 270.
- ^ Bromley et al. 2019, p. 7.
- ^ Mendívil Echevarría 1965, p. 65.
- ^ Antayhua Vera et al. 2021, p. 9.
- ^ INGEMMET 2000, p. 182.
- ^ Núñez Juárez, Morche & Fídel Smoll 1997, p. 34.
- ^ Vela et al. 2016, p. 29.
- ^ Antayhua Vera et al. 2021, p. 3.
- ^ Rivas, Jorge Turpo (10 August 2012). "Con modernos equipos le tomarán el pulso en tiempo real a tres volcanes de Tacna". La República. Retrieved 29 May 2019.
- ^ Del Carpio Calienes et al. 2022, p. 67.
- S2CID 240447272.
- ^ Del Carpio Calienes et al. 2022, p. 64.
- ^ Calderón et al. 2023, p. 376.
- ^ Mendívil Echevarría 1965, p. 62.
- ^ a b Mendívil Echevarría 1965, p. 79.
- ^ Zavala Carrión & Steinmüller 1997, p. 7.
- ^ Cacya Dueñas, Vargas Rodríguez & Cruz Pauccara 2013, p. 55.
- ^ Cacya Dueñas, Vargas Rodríguez & Cruz Pauccara 2013, p. 69.
- ^ Cacya Dueñas, Vargas Rodríguez & Cruz Pauccara 2013, p. 3.
- ^ Cacya Dueñas, Vargas Rodríguez & Cruz Pauccara 2013, p. 112.
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