Castel Sant'Angelo

Coordinates: 41°54′11″N 12°27′59″E / 41.9031°N 12.4663°E / 41.9031; 12.4663
Source: Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia.
This article is about the castle in Rome. For other uses, see Castel Sant'Angelo (disambiguation).
Mausoleum of Hadrian
Mausoleum of Hadrian is located in Rome
Mausoleum of Hadrian
Mausoleum of Hadrian
Shown within Augustan Rome
Map
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Coordinates41°54′11″N 12°27′59″E / 41.9031°N 12.4663°E / 41.9031; 12.4663
TypeMausoleum
History
BuilderHadrian
Founded123–139 AD

The Mausoleum of Hadrian, also known as Castel Sant'Angelo (Italian pronunciation:

Roman Emperor Hadrian as a mausoleum
for himself and his family. The popes later used the building as a fortress and castle, and it is now a museum. The structure was once the tallest building in Rome.

Hadrian's tomb

Castel Sant'Angelo from the bridge. The top statue is of Michael the Archangel, the angel from whom the building derives its name.
Ponte Sant'Angelos Angel figures

The tomb of the Roman emperor

Passion of Christ.[citation needed
]

Decline

Much of the tomb contents and decorations have been lost since the building's conversion to a military

Otto II and later was incorporated into a massive Renaissance baptistery.[3] The use of spolia from the tomb in the post-Roman period was noted in the 16th century – Giorgio Vasari
writes:

...in order to build churches for the use of the Christians, not only were the most honoured temples of the idols [pagan Roman gods] destroyed, but in order to ennoble and decorate Saint Peter's with more ornaments than it then possessed, they took away the stone columns from the tomb of Hadrian, now the castle of Sant'Angelo, as well as many other things which we now see in ruins.[4]

Legend holds that the

Santa Agata in Suburra. A vision urged the pope to lead a procession to the church. Upon arriving, the idol miraculously fell apart with a clap of thunder. Returning to St Peter's by the Aelian Bridge, the pope had another vision of an angel atop the castle, wiping the blood from his sword on his mantle, and then sheathing it. While the pope interpreted this as a sign that God was appeased, this did not prevent Gregory from destroying more sites of pagan worship in Rome.[5]

Papal fortress, residence and prison

View from the top of the Castel Sant'Angelo towards the ancient city core of Rome

The popes converted the structure into a castle, beginning in the 14th century;

St Peter's Basilica by a covered fortified corridor called the Passetto di Borgo. The fortress was the refuge of Pope Clement VII from the siege of Charles V's Landsknechte during the Sack of Rome (1527); the fortress was also the place in which Benvenuto Cellini, while incarcerated due to charges of embezzlement, murder and sodomy, describes strolling the ramparts and shooting enemy soldiers.[6]

Saint Michael holding his sword after the 590 plague (as described above) to surmount the Castel.[7] Later Paul III
built a rich apartment, to ensure that in any future siege the pope had an appropriate place to stay.

Montelupo's statue was replaced by a bronze statue of the same subject, executed by the Flemish sculptor Peter Anton von Verschaffelt, in 1753. Verschaffelt's is still in place and Montelupo's can be seen in an open court in the interior of the Castle.[citation needed]

The

Cagliostro. Executions were performed in the small inner courtyard. As a prison, it was also the setting for the third act of Giacomo Puccini's 1900 opera Tosca; the eponymous heroine leaps to her death from the Castel's ramparts.[8]

During earlier times, the prison had another remarkable function. Cornelis de Bruijn mentioned that when Pope Clement X died in 1796, all prisoners with heavy sentences were transported to St. Angelo. Then, as soon as the papal seat became vacant, the local city council would release all prisoners from Rome's prisons except those that were locked in St. Angelo. This chain of events was, according to Cornelis, a custom every time the pope died.[9]

Fireworks

When visiting the castel in 1776 Cornelis de Bruijn mentioned the fireworks that were apparently on display once a year. He wrote:

"Another fireworks display, remarkable to behold, is the customary yearly celebration on St. Peter's Day at the castle of St. Angelo. It appears as if coming from above the castle, igniting simultaneously and spreading through the crowd of the fireworks in such a way that, when standing near the castle, it feels as though the heavens themselves are opening up. Being about half an hour away from there, one can still observe it quite clearly. Having spent more than a year in Rome, I was curious to observe it from multiple locations, but found the location near the castle, where one stands beneath the fireworks, to be the most delightful.[9]"

Museum

Decommissioned in 1901, the castle is now a museum: the Museo Nazionale di Castel Sant'Angelo. It received 1,234,443 visitors in 2016.[10]

Gallery

  • Model of the Mausoleum of Hadrian
    Model of the Mausoleum of Hadrian
  • View from south towards the Castel Sant'Angelo and Ponte Sant'Angelo
    View from south towards the Castel Sant'Angelo and Ponte Sant'Angelo
  • The original angel by Raffaello da Montelupo
    The original angel by Raffaello da Montelupo
  • Bronze statue of Michael the Archangel, standing on top of the Castel Sant'Angelo, modelled in 1753 by Peter Anton von Verschaffelt (1710–1793)
    Bronze statue of Michael the Archangel, standing on top of the Castel Sant'Angelo, modelled in 1753 by Peter Anton von Verschaffelt (1710–1793)
  • Another angle of the angel
    Another angle of the angel
  • Giovanni Battista Bugatti, papal executioner between 1796 and 1861, offering snuff to a condemned prisoner in front of Castel Sant'Angelo.
    Giovanni Battista Bugatti, papal executioner between 1796 and 1861, offering snuff to a condemned prisoner in front of Castel Sant'Angelo.
  • View of the river Tiber looking south with the Castel Sant'Angelo and Saint Peter's Basilica beyond, Rudolf Wiegmann 1834
    View of the river Tiber looking south with the Castel Sant'Angelo and Saint Peter's Basilica beyond, Rudolf Wiegmann 1834

See also

Bibliography

  • Bruno Contardi; Marica Mercalli; Italy.
    OCLC 555702196.[11]

References

  1. ^ Gibbon, Edward (1826). The history of the decline and fall of the Roman Empire. Vol. 6 (4th American ed.). New York. p. 369.
  2. ^ Aicher, Peter J (2004). Rome Alive: A Source-Guide to the Ancient City Volume I. Bolchazy-Carducci. Archived from the original on 5 October 2018. Retrieved 2 January 2015.
  3. ^ "Porphyry Baptismal Font". Archived from the original on 2014-01-12. Retrieved 2014-01-12.
  4. ^ "Preface, "Lives of the Artists"". Archived from the original on 2010-12-10. Retrieved 2007-01-23.
  5. ^ Account of Pedro Tafur in The Travels of Pero Tafur (1435–1439), Chapter III.
  6. ISBN 978-3822863053
    .
  7. ^ Rome (Eyewitness Travel Guides) DK Publishing, London (2003) p. 242
  8. ^ Mausoleum of Hadrian (Castel San'tAngelo), retrieved 2023-09-03
  9. ^ a b "Reizen van Cornelis de Bruyn door de vermaardste deelen van Klein Asia". Archived from the original on 2023-07-27. Retrieved 2023-07-28.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link), Amsterdam, 1698.
  10. ^ "Musei, monumenti e aree archeologiche statali" [State museums, monuments and archaeological areas] (PDF). ilsole24ore.it (in Italian). 5 January 2017. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 January 2019. Retrieved 5 March 2017.
  11. OCLC 918854827. Archived
    from the original on August 24, 2019. Retrieved August 24, 2019.

External links


Media related to Castel Sant'Angelo (Rome) at Wikimedia Commons

Preceded by
Casa dei Cavalieri di Rodi 		Landmarks of Rome
Castel Sant'Angelo 		Succeeded by
Palazzo Aragona Gonzaga
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