Castilleja levisecta
Castilleja levisecta | |
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Scientific classification | |
Kingdom: | Plantae |
Clade: | Tracheophytes |
Clade: | Angiosperms |
Clade: | Eudicots |
Clade: | Asterids |
Order: | Lamiales |
Family: | Orobanchaceae |
Genus: | Castilleja |
Species: | C. levisecta
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Binomial name | |
Castilleja levisecta Greenm. |
Castilleja levisecta is a rare species of flowering plant in the family
Description
Castilleja levisecta (golden paintbrush) was first collected as a modern botanical specimen near Mill Plain, Washington, by Thomas Jefferson Howell in 1880 and was described by Jesse More Greenman in 1898 (Greenman 1898). This is a perennial herb growing in clumps of up to fifteen stems. The leaves are green, containing chlorophyll to undergo photosynthesis, but like other Castilleja it is a hemiparasite, capable of tapping the roots of other plants via haustorial connections to obtain nutrients and water.[3]
The
Golden paintbrush grows in prairie habitat at low elevations, generally in soils of gravelly, glacier-carved sediment.[3] It often occurs alongside Idaho fescue (Festuca idahoensis) and red fescue (F. rubra), and it is a member of the Garry Oak ecosystem.[3] The remaining Canadian occurrences of the species are on Trial Island and Alpha Islet off of Vancouver Island.[8] There are nine populations in Washington in maritime grasslands and bluffs around the Puget Sound.[8] Most of these are on islands, including several on Whidbey Island and one on San Juan Island.[5]
The species is
Ecology and conservation
Golden paintbrush plays an important role in grassland community dynamics and
The grassland habitats in which golden paintbrush grows have traditionally undergone periodic wildfires, and the golden paintbrush appears to thrive in this fire regime, possibly because fires clear out taller vegetation that would otherwise compete with it, or provide it nutrients in the ash.[3] Fire frequency may also have effects on golden paintbrush's defensive phytochemistry.[15]
If the paintbrush is fire-adapted, it would experience negative effects from
The hybridization potential between golden and harsh paintbrush has been identified as a threat to the genetic integrity of golden paintbrush, requiring land managers to develop strategies for balancing the ecological needs of these two Castilleja species and endangered insects that rely on them.[11]
References
- ^ a b c The Nature Conservancy
- ^ a b c USFWS. Castilleja levisecta Five-year Review. September 27, 2007.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Center for Plant Conservation Archived 2010-12-15 at the Wayback Machine
- ^ COSEWIC. Castilleja levisecta Species Assessment. November 2007.
- ^ a b USFWS. Determination of threatened status for Castilleja levisecta (Golden Paintbrush). Federal Register June 11, 1997.
- ^ "Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Removing Golden Paintbrush From the Federal List of Endangered and Threatened Plants". Federal Register. 2021-06-30. Retrieved 2021-06-30.
- ^ "Federal Register :: Request Access". unblock.federalregister.gov. Retrieved 2023-11-17.
- ^ a b c d e f g h Caplow, F. Reintroduction Plan for Golden Paintbrush. USFWS. 2004.
- )
- ^ Thomas N. Kaye; Matt Blakely (2008). An Evaluation of the Potential for Hybridization Between Castilleja levisecta and C. hispida (Report). Institute for Applied Ecology. Retrieved 2022-05-02.
- ^ a b Strategy and Guidance for Minimizing Hybridization Risk of Castilleja levisecta (CALE) with Castilleja hispida (CAHI) While Advancing Conservation of CALE and Taylor's Checkerspot Butterfly (Euphydryas editha taylori; TCB) (PDF) (Report). U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife, and Washington Department of Natural Resources. 2021. Retrieved 2022-05-02.
- ^ Schmidt, Natalie (2016). Parasitic plants and community composition: how Castilleja levisecta affects, and is affected by, its community (PDF) (Doctoral dissertation). University of Washington. Retrieved 2022-05-02.
- ^ PMID 33446768.
- ^ PMID 29131311. Retrieved 2022-05-02.
- ^ Rafay, Loretta (2018). "Chapter Three: Experimental sources of variation in Castilleja levisecta and Plantago lanceolata foliar iridoid glycoside concentrations: lime amendments, prescribed fire, and herbivory simulation across phenology". Try it with fire and lime: phytochemical responses to prescribed fire, soil amendments, and simulated herbivory (Master's thesis). University of Washington. Retrieved 2022-05-02.