Castoreum
Castoreum
It is used as a tincture in some perfumes[5] and, rarely, as a food additive.[6]
Chemical composition
At least 24 compounds are known constituents of beaver castoreum. Several of these have
Uses
In perfume
In
Castoreum is largely used for its note suggesting leather, typically compounded with other ingredients including top, middle, and base notes. Some classic perfumes incorporating castor are Emeraude, Chanel Antaeus, Cuir de Russie, Magie Noire, Lancôme Caractère, Hechter Madame, Givenchy III, Shalimar, and many "leather" themed compositions.[5]
In food
In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration lists castoreum extract as a generally recognized as safe (GRAS) food additive.[14] In 1965, the Flavor and Extract Manufacturers Association's GRAS program (FEMA 2261 and 2262) added castoreum extract and castoreum liquid.[15] The annual industry consumption is very low, around 100 kilograms (300 lb),[16] whereas vanillin is over 1.2×10 6 kg (2.6×10 6 lb) annually.[17]
Castoreum has been traditionally used in Sweden for flavoring a variety of schnapps commonly referred to as Bäverhojt (lit. 'beaver shout').[18][19]
Other
Castoreum was also considered for use to contribute to the flavor and odor of cigarettes.[20]
Medieval beekeepers used castoreum to increase honey production.[9]
Related animal products
- Taxea, a secretion of the badger's subcaudal glands comparable in its medicinal use to the better-known castoreum
- Cape hyrax(Procavia capensis), and a sought-after material that has been used in traditional South African medicine and perfumery
See also
References
- ^ Walro, J.M. and Svendsen, G.E., "Castor sacs and anal glands of the North American beaver (Castor canadensis): their histology, development, and relationship to scent communication". Journal of Chemical Ecology, Volume 8, Number 5 / May 1982, Department of Zoology and Microbiology, Ohio University,
- ^ Müller-Schwarze, Dietland (1992). "Castoreum of beaver (Castor canadensis): function, chemistry and biological activity of its components". Chemical Signals in Vertebrates IV, 457–464, Plenum Press.
- ISBN 0-306-46114-5.
- JSTOR 2425894.
- ^ a b International Perfume Museum, Grasse, France, Website: "Welcome in the International Perfume Museum: Raw materials". Archived from the original on 2007-06-24. Retrieved 2006-02-28.
- S2CID 39977652.
- ^ a b The Beaver: Its Life and Impact. Dietland Muller-Schwarze, 2003, page 43 (book at Google Books)
- ^ Hyraceum.com, "Castoreum, Perfumer's Ancient Intrigue," http://www.hyraceum.com Archived February 7, 2013, at the Wayback Machine
- S2CID 39977652.
- ^ Recent Progress In the Consideration Under of Flavoring Ingredients the Food Additives Amendment (1965)
- ^ Burdock, George A., Fenaroli's handbook of flavor ingredients Archived 2021-01-09 at the Wayback Machine. CRC Press, 2010. p. 273-5.
- ^ Burdock, George A., Fenaroli's handbook of flavor ingredients Archived 2021-01-09 at the Wayback Machine. CRC Press, 2010. p. 674.
- ^ Baron Ambrosia (26 February 2015). "Tales from the Fringe: Beaver Gland Vodka". PunchDrink.com. Retrieved 11 December 2015.
- ^ "BVR HJT". Archived from the original on 2013-08-26. Retrieved 2013-09-16.
- ^ [1] United States Patent Application Publication