Catabolism
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Catabolism (
Cells use the monomers released from breaking down polymers to either construct new polymer molecules or degrade the monomers further to simple waste products, releasing energy. Cellular wastes include
Catabolism is a destructive
Catabolic hormones
There are many signals that control catabolism. Most of the known signals are
Hormone | Function[2] |
---|---|
Cortisol | Released from the adrenal gland in response to stress; its main role is to increase blood glucose levels by gluconeogenesis. |
Glucagon | Released from alpha cells in the pancreas either when starving or when the body needs to generate additional energy; it stimulates the breakdown of glycogen in the liver to increase blood glucose levels; its effect is the opposite of insulin; glucagon and insulin are a part of a negative-feedback system that stabilizes blood glucose levels. |
Adrenaline | Released in response to the activation of the sympathetic nervous system; increases heart rate and heart contractility, constricts blood vessels, is a bronchodilator that opens (dilates) the bronchi of the lungs to increase air volume in the lungs, and stimulates gluconeogenesis. |
Etymology
The word catabolism is from Neo-Latin, which got the roots from Greek: κάτω kato, "downward" and βάλλειν ballein, "to throw".
See also
- Autophagy
- Dehydration synthesis
- Hydrolysis
- Nocturnal post absorptive catabolism
- Psilacetin § Pharmacology
- Sarcopenia
References
- ^ de Bolster, M.W.G. (1997). "Glossary of Terms Used in Bioinorganic Chemistry: Catabolism". International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. Archived from the original on 2017-01-21. Retrieved 2007-10-30.
- ISBN 978-1-947172-04-3.
External links
- Media related to Catabolism at Wikimedia Commons